胃部超声在监控患者围术期饱胃风险中的应用价值  

Application value of gastric ultrasound in monitoring perioperative gastric satiety risk

作　　者：左一丁 邹京成(综述) 姜春玲[1] 梁鹏(审校)[1] ZUO Yiding;ZOU Jingcheng;JIANG Chunling;LIANG Peng(Department of Anesthesiology,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西医院麻醉科,成都610041

出　　处：《重庆医学》2022年第3期512-515,共4页Chongqing medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81971806);四川大学华西医院学科卓越发展1·3·5项目(2018HXFH046)。

摘　　要：围术期患者饱胃及由此引发的反流误吸是影响患者预后的一个重要因素,与患者围术期死亡直接相关。一方面,麻醉前若能实时、准确而便捷地进行胃内容物评估,对于减少此类事件意义重大;另一方面,对于部分饱胃患者予以留置胃管、胃肠减压,也是降低反流误吸风险的常用手段。超声作为一种客观、快速、无创、简单的评估方法,其评估胃内容物的可靠性已得到广泛认可,在确定胃管位置方面也具有很高的诊断价值,因此对优化围术期麻醉管理,降低围术期风险,实现精准麻醉医疗及加速康复外科(ERAS)的积极推行具有举足轻重的作用。本文就胃部超声扫描技术,及其在围术期评估不同类型患者胃内容物、确定胃管位置,与预防围术期反流误吸风险中的价值予以综述。Gastric satiety and the resulting reflux aspiration are important factors affecting the prognosis of perioperative patients,and are directly related to perioperative death of patients.On the one hand,the evaluation of gastric contents in real time,accurately and conveniently before anesthesia is of great significance to reduce such events;On the other hand,the indwelling gastric tube and the gastrointestinal decompression are also common methods to reduce the risk of reflux aspiration for some patients with gastric satiety.Ultrasound is an objective,rapid,non invasive and simple evaluation method,whose reliability in assessing gastric contents has been widely recognized and has high diagnostic value in determining gastric tube location.Therefore gastric ultrasound plays a decisive role in optimizing perioperative anesthesia management,reducing the perioperative risk,achieving accurate anesthesia and accelerating the active implementation of Rehabilitation Surgery(ERAS).This article reviews the technology of gastric ultrasound scanning and its value in the perioperative evaluation of gastric contents of different types of patients,the determination of gastric tube location and the prevention of perioperative reflux aspiration risk.

关 键 词：胃部超声 返流 误吸 围术期 饱胃 

分 类 号：R573[医药卫生—消化系统]