陕北苹果园绿肥种植模式对土壤物理性质及果实品质和产量的影响  

Effects of different green manure cultivation models on soil physical properties,apple quality and yield in fruit regions of Northern Shaanxi

作　　者：段志龙 王晨光 宋云 DUAN Zhilong;WANG Chenguang;SONG Yun(Yan’an Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Shaanxi 716000;Shaanxi Agricultural Technology Extension Center)

机构地区：[1]延安市农业科学研究所,陕西716000 [2]陕西省农业技术推广中心

出　　处：《中国果树》2022年第1期24-28,共5页China Fruits

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-22);陕西省农业科技创新项目(NYKJ-2019-YA-03)。

摘　　要：在延安市洛川县苹果园行间种植毛叶苕子、豆科与十字花科轮茬,以清耕为对照,研究绿肥种植模式对土壤物理性质和苹果品质的影响。结果表明,绿肥种植模式对土壤物理性质、苹果品质和产量有显著影响。与对照相比,种植毛叶苕子土壤含水量提高164.44%~324.14%,土壤容重降低11.97%~13.67%,土壤孔隙度提高13.83%~15.08%;豆科与十字花科轮茬土壤含水量提高128.86%~217.24%,土壤容重降低9.86%~10.79%,土壤孔隙度提高11.38%~11.91%。与对照相比,种植毛叶苕子果实可溶性固形物含量提高16.41%~17.05%,硬度提高6.94%~9.86%;豆科与十字花科轮茬果实可溶性固形物含量提高14.73%~15.62%,硬度提高2.78%~5.63%,产量提高1.97%~2.10%。苹果园行间种植毛叶苕子蓄水保墒能力及其对果实品质的提高效果好于豆科与十字花科绿肥轮茬,二者产量差异不显著。To uncover the effects of different green manure cultivation patterns in the orchard on soil physical properties and apple quality, based on the long-term positioning experiment in Luochuan County, Yan’an, soil physical properties, and apple quality were assessed under different conditions of green manure cultivation, including Vicia villosa Roth, rotation of leguminous and cruciferous, using clean tillage as a control. The results showed that the green manure planting pattern had significant effects on soil physical properties, apple quality, and apple yield. Compared with the control,soil water content increased by 164.44% to 324.14%, soil bulk weight decreased by 11.97% to 13.67%, and soil porosity increased by 13.83% to 15.08% in planted with Vicia villosa Roth;soil water content increased by 128.86% to 217.24%, soil bulk weight decreased by 9.86% to 10.79%, and soil porosity increased by 11.38% to 11.91% in legume and cruciferous rotation. Compared with the control, the soluble solids content of fruits planted with Vicia villosa Roth increased by 16.41%to 17.05% and hardness by 6.94% to 9.86%;the soluble solids content of fruits from legume and cruciferous rotations increased by 14.73% to 15.62%, hardness increased by 2.78% to 5.63% and yield increased by 1.97% to 2.10%. The ability to store water and moisture and fruit quality in apple orchards planted with Vicia villosa Roth were better than the green manure rotations of legume and cruciferous, and there were no significant differences between these two cultivation models.

关 键 词：陕北 苹果园 绿肥 毛叶苕子 豆科与十字花科轮茬 土壤物理性质 苹果品质 产量 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]