设施叶菜类蔬菜重金属镉、铅和砷累积特征及健康风险评价  

Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Cadmium, Lead, and Arsenic Accumulation in Leafy Vegetables Planted in a Greenhouse

作　　者：董俊文 高培培 孙洪欣[1] 周昶 张香玉 薛培英[1] 刘文菊[1] DONG Jun-wen;GAO Pei-pei;SUN Hong-xin;ZHOU Chang;ZHANG Xiang-yu;XUE Pei-ying;LIU Wen-ju(Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation,Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment of Farmland in Hebei,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室,河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,河北省蔬菜产业协同创新中心,保定071000

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第1期481-489,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31870490)。

摘　　要：近年来京津冀地区春季扬沙、秋冬季节雾或霾频发,大气可吸入颗粒物尤其是PM_(2.5)可负载镉铅砷等重金属,易被叶菜类蔬菜(叶菜)吸收并在可食部位累积,设施叶菜类蔬菜可食部位重金属的累积是否同样受大气沉降的影响.对此,以京津冀地区常见6种叶菜类蔬菜--菠菜、油麦菜、生菜、小白菜、茼蒿和茴香为主要对象,采用田间试验,探索了大棚叶菜可食部位镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)和砷(As)的累积特征、可食部位污染物的来源并评价了叶菜中镉铅砷累积的人体健康风险.结果表明,茼蒿、小白菜和菠菜分别为Cd、Pb和As的低转运和低积累型,茴香属于Cd和Pb均低转运和低积累型.此外,大气颗粒物监测结果显示PM_(2.5)负载的Pb含量分别为Cd和As含量的42.6倍和8.4倍,且大气沉降对6种叶菜可食部位Pb累积平均贡献率为36.5%,这说明设施叶菜中累积的Cd、Pb和As主要来源于土壤.此外,在土壤重金属不超标的情况下,大棚种植的6种设施叶菜中Cd、Pb和As含量均未超过食品安全国家标准(GB 2762-2017),且叶菜中Pb累积并未产生健康风险,但是除摄入茴香无明显健康风险外,其他叶菜类蔬菜可食部位Cd的累积对成人和儿童均产生显著的健康风险,同时值得关注的是茼蒿可食部位As的累积对成人和儿童均产生显著的健康风险.In recent years, dust pollution has occurred frequently in spring and haze or fog in autumn and winter. The inhalable particulate matters in the atmosphere, especially PM_(2.5), loaded in heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, and arsenic, are easily taken up by leafy vegetables and accumulate in the edible parts. It is not clear whether the accumulation of heavy metals in the edible parts of leafy vegetables in greenhouses is also affected by atmospheric deposition. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to explore characteristics and health risk assessment of cadmium, lead, and arsenic accumulation in leafy vegetables planted in a greenhouse using six types of common leafy vegetables(spinach, leaf lettuce, lettuce, pakchoi, Chrysanthemum coronarium, and fennel) in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The results showed that C. coronarium, pakchoi, and spinach are the leafy vegetables with a low accumulation of Cd, Pb, and As, respectively. Fennel is the leafy vegetable with a low accumulation of Cd and Pb. In the greenhouse, Pb concentrations in PM_(2.5)were 42.6 and 8.4 times of Cd and As, respectively. Moreover, PM_(2.5)-Pb contributed on average 36.5% to the edible parts of six kinds of leafy vegetables, which indicated that the Cd, Pb, and As accumulated in leafy vegetables were mainly derived from the soil. Meanwhile, the concentrations of Cd, Pb, and As in the edible parts of vegetables did not exceed the safety limitations of three heavy metals(GB 2762-2017), and Pb accumulation in leafy vegetables does not pose a health risk to humans. However, Cd in the leafy vegetables could threaten the health of adults and children, except for the intake of fennel. Conversely, As in the C. coronarium could threaten the health of adults and children.

关 键 词：叶菜类蔬菜 重金属 大气沉降 土壤 污染来源 健康风险 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X820.4