雷州半岛南部典型农用地土壤-作物的有机氯农药残留特征和健康风险评价  

Soil-crop Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides on Typical Agricultural Land in Southern Leizhou Peninsula

作　　者：梁晓晖 解启来[1,2] 郑芊 杨北辰 叶金明 唐成金 LIANG Xiao-hui;XIE Qi-lai;ZHENG Qian;YANG Bei-chen;YE Jin-ming;TANG Cheng-jin(College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural&Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广州510642 [2]广东省农业农村污染治理与环境安全重点实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第1期500-509,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2021B1212040008)。

摘　　要：利用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定雷州半岛南部典型农用地土壤-作物有机氯农药(OCPs)的残留含量,探究8种作物对有机氯农药的生物富集特征,并进行人体健康风险评价.结果表明,10种OCPs均有不同程度地检出,其中六六六(HCHs)和七氯是研究区主要污染物,在土壤中残留含量分别为23.83~111.51 ng·g^(-1)和11.01~25.97 ng·g^(-1),在作物中分别为7.54~61.28 ng·g^(-1)和3.96~30.97 ng·g^(-1),少部分土壤和作物样品中该两类OCPs存在超标情况.有87.50%土壤样品α-HCH/γ-HCH小于1,且β-HCH/α-HCH大于1,表明HCHs可能来源于近期林丹的使用和历史施用残留污染,而七氯推测主要来源于地下虫害和白蚁防治药剂的施用.不同作物对OCPs的富集能力差异较大,蔬菜类作物的生物富集能力较强,水果类较弱,且鳞茎类蔬菜(韭菜)明显强于其他蔬菜类别.人体健康风险评价表明,土壤与作物中OCPs对区域内人群基本不会造成明显的健康风险.但韭菜和辣椒作物复合污染系数的最大值大于1,表明该类农产品对人体健康存在威胁,应予以关注.The residual content of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) in soil and crops of typical agricultural land in the southern Leizhou peninsula were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Additionally, the bioconcentration factors of organochlorine pesticides in eight crops were investigated, and the human health risk was evaluated. The results indicated that 10 types of OCPs were detected to varying degrees;HCHs and heptachlor were the main OCPs in the study area, with the residual contents of 23.83-111.51 ng·g^(-1)and 11.01-25.97 ng·g^(-1)in soil and 7.54-61.28 ng·g^(-1)and 3.96-30.97 ng·g^(-1)in crops, respectively. A small number of soil and crop samples were found to exceed the standard. The ratio of α-HCH/γ-HCH was less than 1 in 87.50% of the soil samples, and β-HCH/α-HCH was larger than 1. This indicates that the HCHs were probably derived from the recent use of lindane and historical residual pollution, whereas the heptachlor was mainly derived from underground insect pests and the application of termite control agents. The enrichment ability of OCPs was significantly different among different crops. The bioaccumulation capacity of vegetables was higher than that of fruit. Furthermore, bulb vegetables(leeks) were significantly stronger than other vegetables. A human health risk assessment of OCPs showed that OCP-combined pollution would not cause significant health risks to the population in the study area. However, the maximum value of HI in some crop samples was greater than 1, indicating that there were still potential risks, which should not be ignored.

关 键 词：农用地 土壤 作物 有机氯农药(OCPs) 生物富集 人体健康风险 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X820.4