国有企业改制对中国企业成本加成率影响研究  

A Study on the Impact of Restructuring of State-Owned Enterprises on the Markup of Chinese Enterprises

作　　者：李新[1] 徐微 余乐芬[2] Li Xin;Xu Wei;Yu Lefen

机构地区：[1]湖北经济学院财政与公共管理学院 [2]中南财经政法大学工商管理学院、国际商务研究所

出　　处：《宏观经济研究》2021年第12期116-135,共20页Macroeconomics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“‘一带一路’建设的福利效应估算”(项目批准号:71773141)的资助。

摘　　要：在国际国内"双循环"战略指导下,国内经济发展正在恢复中,国有企业作为经济发展的中坚力量,其作用不言而喻。2020年是新一轮国企改革的攻坚年,梳理历史国企改革的经验对本轮进一步深化国企改革有着重要的意义。本文运用并修正中国工业企业数据库数据,使用PSM-DID方法考察国有企业改制对企业成本加成率的影响。研究结果表明:(1)国有企业改制对企业成本加成率有显著的正向影响,经过稳健性检验后结论依然成立;(2)影响渠道主要是提高企业全要素生产率、市场化水平和规模效应使得产品价格上升和边际成本下降,主要还是由非技术因素导致的;(3)在高竞争度行业或低技术复杂度行业内,国企改制对企业成本加成率提升的促进作用更加显著。此外,相对于改制为其他类型企业的国有企业,改制为民营企业的国有企业成本加成率上升幅度更大。Under the guidance of the international and domestic ‘dual cycle’ strategy, domestic economic development is recovering, and state-owned enterprises, as the backbone of economic development, play a self-evident role.2020 is a tough year for the new round of state-owned enterprise reforms, and combing the experience of historical state-owned enterprise reforms is of great significance to the further deepening of this round of state-owned enterprise reforms.This paper uses and revises the Annual Surveys of Industrial Firms(ASIF), and uses the PSM-DID method to investigate the impact of state-owned enterprise restructuring on the enterprise markup.The research results show that:(1) State-owned enterprise restructuring has a significant positive impact on the markup of the enterprise, and the conclusion is still valid after the robustness test;(2) The influence channels are mainly to increase the total factor productivity of the enterprise, the marketization level and the scale effect make the product price rise and the marginal cost fall, which is mainly caused by non-technical factors;(3) In highly competitive industries or low-tech complexity industries, the restructuring of state-owned enterprises has a more significant role in promoting the increase in enterprises’ markup.In addition, compared with state-owned enterprises that have been restructured into other types of enterprises, the markup of state-owned enterprises that have been restructured into private enterprises has risen even more.

关 键 词：国有企业改制 成本加成率 PSM-DID 

分 类 号：F276.1[经济管理—企业管理] F271[经济管理—国民经济] F275