水利水电工程分岔型隧道全尺寸火灾实验研究  

Full-scale experimental study of a bifurcated tunnel fire in a hydropower engineering project

作　　者：刘畅 钟茂华 林鹏[2] 龚远平 田向亮[4] 阴彬 龙增 杨宇轩 LIU Chang;ZHONG Maohua;LIN Peng;GONG Yuanping;TIAN Xiangliang;YIN Bin;LONG Zeng;YANG Yuxuan(Institute of Public Safety Research,Department of Engineering Physics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Department of Hydraulic Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;China Three Gorges Construction Engineering Corporation,Ningnan 615421,China;China Academy of Safety Science and Technology,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学工程物理系,公共安全研究院,北京100084 [2]清华大学水利水电工程系,北京100084 [3]中国三峡建工(集团)有限公司,宁南615421 [4]中国安全生产科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第1期1-12,共12页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(72091512)。

摘　　要：为研究水利水电工程洞室群连接节点的火灾烟气蔓延特性,在某水电站地下洞室分岔型隧道开展全尺寸现场实验,通过分析各隧道区段温度分布、烟气层高度等参数并结合现场观测,研究烟气由分岔节点向连接隧道的扩散和沉降规律。结果表明:分岔隧道火灾危险性受坡度结构和通风条件的影响,起火位置上风向隧道烟气温度稳定衰减且分层作用明显;下风向隧道烟气与空气的掺混破坏了烟气稳定分层结构,烟气沉降加剧并形成趋于均一的竖向温度分布,上坡结构导致烟气沉降作用更为明显,2#隧道中3 m高度以下的烟气温度沿纵向反而呈现升高趋势。防排烟设计中应综合考虑不同隧道区段火灾危险的差异性,在实验火灾规模下,上风向隧道烟气层高度保持在4.2 m,下风向低温烟气区域面临较高危险性,烟气层高度均降低至1.5 m以下;2#隧道的上坡结构进一步加剧了烟气沉降,起火2 min后即降低至0.8 m以下,是烟气控制和火灾应急中应考虑的重点区域。Full-scale experiments in a bifurcated tunnel in a hydropower station with a fire source at the junction area were conducted to investigate fire-induced smoke spread characteristics in connected regions.The spread and descent of smoke in each tunnel were studied by analyzing the temperature profiles and smoke layer heights coupled with on-site observations.The results show that the slope and ventilation strongly affect the smoke risks in each tunnel with the smoke temperature steadily decreasing with distinct stratification upwind of the fire source.The smoke and fresh air mixture flow disrupted the smoke stratification and caused the smoke level to lower in the tunnel with the vertical temperature distribution becoming more uniform.Moreover,the aggravation of smoke deposition in the uphill direction in tunnel 2# increased the smoke temperature in the longitudinal direction below 3 m.The different fire risks in different tunnel sections should be carefully considered in smoke control designs.For the present fire heat release rate,the smoke layer height remained at 4.2 m in the upstream tunnel,while the downstream tunnels faced higher risks that the smoke layer descending below 1.5 m.The uphill slope in tunnel 2#increased the smoke descent with the smoke height decreasing to 0.8 m after 2 min,which should be considered in smoke control designs and fire emergency.

关 键 词：水利水电工程 分岔隧道 火灾 全尺寸实验 烟气扩散 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]