考虑地震灾害的城市人员密集区域应急疏散路线规划  

Planning of emergency evacuation routes in densely populated urban areas during earthquakes

作　　者：杨剑锋[1] 展慧 陈良超 窦站 YANG Jianfeng;ZHAN Hui;CHEN Liangchao;DOU Zhan(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;College of Information Science and Technology,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学机电工程学院,北京100029 [2]北京化工大学信息科学与技术学院,北京100029

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第1期70-76,共7页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(ZY2004);北京化工大学引进人才项目(BUCTRC202014)。

摘　　要：该文以城市内某大学校园为例,研究了考虑地震灾害的城市人员密集区域应急疏散路线规划问题。首先,根据文献与现场调研确定了校园内可利用的避难场所;其次,根据不同地震加速度条件下建筑物外围墙体坠落对疏散路线通行宽度的影响,提出了"疏散虚拟墙体"概念;然后,利用Pathfinder软件(试用版)进行不同地震加速度、不同人群分布等条件下的人员逃生疏散仿真模拟,并结合人员应对行为及人群疏散过程中可能出现的出口成拱现象,对人员疏散方案进行了优化;最后,通过人员逃生疏散仿真结果对比,确定了人员疏散方案,为改善校园安全管理水平提供了支持。This study analyzed the planning of emergency evacuation routes in densely populated urban areas after earthquakes using an urban university campus as an example.The available campus refuge places were determined from campus literature and in-person investigations.The analysis then considered the influence of a falling outer building wall onto the evacuation route for various earthquake acceleration rates using the concept of an“evacuation virtual wall”.Then,the Pathfinder software was used to develop an optimized evacuation plan for various earthquake acceleration rates,crowd distributions,personal coping behavior characteristics and exit arch phenomena that may occur during the evacuation.Finally,escape and evacuation simulation results are compared to determine the best evacuation plan to improve campus safety management.

关 键 词：地震 应急疏散 疏散虚拟墙体 疏散路线设计规划 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]