从山东方言文献看明清官话与方言词汇的义域差异——兼谈官话方言内部词义系统的差异问题  

On Explaination of Several Words in Shandong Dialect Documents——And Talking about the Difference of Semantical Systems between One Kind of Mandarin Dialects and the Other

作　　者：宋洪民 张红梅 Song Hongmin;Zhang Hongmei(College of Literature,University of Ji’nan,Ji’nan 250022;Library,University of Ji’nan,Ji’nan 250022,China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学文学院,山东济南250022 [2]济南大学图书馆,山东济南250022

出　　处：《现代语文》2022年第1期12-18,共7页Modern Chinese

摘　　要：在山东方言文献研究中,“急自”等词的解释似乎不尽如人意,这主要是由不同方言间词汇语义系统的差异造成的,而词汇语义系统的差异主要表现为词语义位义域上的差异。以活的方言来印证文献,初步证明了山东方言中的“急自”,无论古今都比普通话中的“本来”的义域要窄得多,其语义组合或句法分布呈现出明显的差异,相应地,其聚合义场的构成也存在着显著的不同。对一些义位义域存在差异的词语,应该“依句辨词”,只有从其语义组合关系中去理解、分析,才能取得良好的效果。同时,官话方言内部的词义系统的差异也应引起注意。貌似相同的官话方言其实相互之间的差距并不小,与此相应地,山东方言中用词汇手段来表现的意义范畴,在普通话中却要用句法层面的手段来完成。The explaination of“jizi(急自)”in Shandong dialect documents is not satisfactory,which should be caused by the difference between semantics systems of different dialects.And,the differences between semantics systems are mainly evidenced by the differences of sememic domain.The sememic domain of“jizi(急自)”in Shandong dialect documents is more narrower than that in Beijing dialect.These words should be explained through their syntagmatic relations.In fact,the differences between semantics systems of Mandarin dialects are bigger than expected and this phenomenon should be payed attention by scholars.Correspondingly,semantic category of Shandong dialect is needed to be expressed by using the syntactic device in Modern Chinese.

关 键 词：山东方言 “急自” 语义系统 义位义域 官话方言 

分 类 号：H172.1[语言文字—汉语]