语言、思维与民族精神——洪堡特“语言世界观”浅释  

Language,Mind and Human Mental Development——Towards Humboldt’s Philosophical Thoughts on“Linguistic World Outlook”

作　　者：苗立丰 Miao Lifeng(National Research Center for Foreign Language Education,Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学中国外语与教育研究中心,北京100089

出　　处：《现代语文》2022年第1期83-88,共6页Modern Chinese

摘　　要：《论人类语言结构的差异及其对人类精神发展的影响》系德国学者洪堡特为其巨著《论爪哇岛上的卡维语》所作的导论,它汇集了洪堡特毕生关于语言问题的哲学思考,集中体现了作者“语言世界观”的哲学思想。洪堡特在导论中系统论述了他对语言本质的思考,认为语言具有创造性、普遍性和差异性。语言的差异性来源于民族精神个性的差异,民族精神个性的不同决定了语言的差异,语言的特征又反映了各个民族的不同思维。因此,每一种语言都具有其独特的世界观。洪堡特关于语言世界观的哲学思想,对后世各个语言学派的发展均产生了深远影响。On Language:the diversity of human language structure and its influence on the mental development of mankind was the introduction of German scholar Wilhelm von Humboldt’s monumental treatise On the Kawi Language on the Island of Java.It is a fine collection of Humboldt’s life-long study of the nature of language and embeds with his final philosophical thoughts on“linguistic world outlook”.Humboldt revealed his thinking towards language on its creativity,universality and diversity.He claimed the diversity of language is inherited from people’s different mental development,which also reciprocally shaped different languages.The characteristics of different languages reflect different mental thinking of people,namely,every language embraces with a unique world outlook.Humboldt’s philosophy on language renders profound influences on the evolvement of later schools of language research.

关 键 词：洪堡特 语言世界观 语言哲学 

分 类 号：H0-05[语言文字—语言学]