康德“目的王国”与阿佩尔“理想交往共同体”之比较——从阿佩尔视角解读康德的尝试  

Comparison Between Kant’s“Kingdom of Ends”and Apel’s“Ideal Communication Community”:An Attempt to Interpret Kant from an Apelian Perspective

作　　者：罗亚玲[1] Luo Yaling

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学院

出　　处：《世界哲学》2022年第1期52-62,160,F0003,共13页World Philosophy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“责任伦理视角下的康德道德哲学研究”(项目编号:20BZ092)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：阿佩尔对话伦理学对康德道德哲学的改造预设了对后者的两个基本判断,即康德的道德哲学受限于主体性哲学,并且是一种严格的原则伦理或意向伦理。但从阿佩尔的视角反观康德则不难发现,阿佩尔先验语用学终极奠基的努力,以及他所强调的对话伦理学的责任伦理之维,在康德道德哲学的很多思想环节中都已有所体现。康德有关目的王国的思想就是其中一例。康德的目的王国与阿佩尔的理想交往共同体概念在内涵上非常相似,目的王国的法则与理想交往共同体之规范性前提以及目的王国的首领和理想对话的共识之间也存在对应性。这种比较最终得出,康德的定言命令式和阿佩尔对话伦理学的对话原则之间具有同构性,两者既包含了基本的道德原则,也是检验具体规范的程序性原则。这些都表明了康德与阿佩尔相似的思想洞见。Apel’s transformation of Kant’s moral philosophy with discourse ethics presupposes two basic judgments about the latter,namely,that Kant’s moral philosophy is limited by his philosophy of subjectivity,and that it is a strict principle ethics or Gesinnungsethik.However,if we try to re-understand Kant from Apel’s perspective,it is not difficult to find that in many aspects of Kant’s thought,there are already such elements as the attempt of transcendental pragmatic ultimate grounding and a possible dimension of ethics of responsibility.Kant’s thinking of the kingdom of ends is one example to show it.His concept of the kingdom of ends is very similar with Apel’s concept of the ideal communication community,and there is a correspondence between the laws of the kingdom of ends and the normative premises of the ideal communication community as well as between the head of the kingdom of ends and the consensus of the ideal discourse.This comparison makes also clear that there is an isomorphism between Kant’s categorical imperative and the discourse-principle of Apel’s discourse ethics.Both of them contain fundamental moral principles as well as a procedural principle for testing specific norms.All these demonstrate the similar insights of Kant and Apel.

关 键 词：目的王国 理想交往共同体 先验语用学 责任伦理 

分 类 号：B516[哲学宗教—外国哲学]