汉、匈关系中的侍子  

The Hostage in the Relationship between the Han and Xiongnu

作　　者：苏家寅 SU Jia-yin(School of History and Culture & School of Ethnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学历史文化学院/民族学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《内蒙古社会科学》2022年第1期83-90,共8页Inner Mongolia Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“秦、汉简牍所涉民族史料的搜集、整理与研究”(编号:18CMZ006)。

摘　　要：自宣帝朝以后,匈奴开始向汉廷遣送侍子,这标志着其被纳入了以后者为中心的宗藩体系之内。匈奴这一举措既是其内部矛盾发展的必然结果,同时也与汉朝就此作出的妥协有关。在侍子制度下,汉朝延续了此前和亲制度下对于匈奴的物资回馈机制,同时也不再坚持要求后者以第一顺位继承人左贤王入侍,从而客观上规避了侍子制度的痼疾,即入侍者可能因为脱离于本国政局而影响其继位之后政权的稳定性。降至东汉,入塞后的南匈奴对于东汉政权的依附性更强,侍子制度亦随之进一步强化,年度轮替的南匈奴侍子的角色类似于郡国计吏,这也反映出南匈奴入塞后地位日益趋同于周边郡国的事实。Since the reign of Emperor Xuan,the Xiongnu began to send hostages to the Han court,which marked that they were included in the vassal system centered on the latter.This move by the Xiongnu was not only the inevitable result of the development of their internal contradictions,but also related to the compromise made by the Han dynasty.Under the hostage system,the Han dynasty continued the material feedback mechanism for the Xiongnu under the previous system of political marriages,and at the same time it no longer insisted that the latter be the first heir,the Wise King of the Left,to serve,thus objectively circumventing the hostage system.The problem is that the hostage may be divorced from the political situation of his country and affect the stability of the regime after his succession.After descending into the Eastern Han dynasty,the Southern Xiongnu were more dependent on the Eastern Han regime,and the system of hostage was further strengthened.The role of the hostage of the Southern Huns in annual rotation was similar to that of county officials.This also reflects the fact that the status of the Southern Huns after entering the border is increasingly converging to that of neighboring counties.

关 键 词：汉匈关系 侍子 和亲 左贤王 年度轮替 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学] K289[历史地理—中国史]