苜蓿花期喷施阿维菌素对蜜蜂及野生传粉昆虫的影响  

Effects of abamectin spraying on flowering alfalfa on Apis mellifera and wild pollinators

作　　者：武文卿 贺娟[2] 宋怀磊 张云毅 武敏 张旭凤 樊绪成 郭媛 Wu Wenqing;He Juan;Song Huailei;Zhang Yunyi;Wu Min;Zhang Xufeng;Fan Xucheng;Guo Yuan(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan Shanxi 030031,China;National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太原030031 [2]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125

出　　处：《中国植保导刊》2021年第12期9-13,共5页China Plant Protection

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-44-KXJ2);山西省软科学研究项目(2018041066-3)。

摘　　要：为明确大田环境蜜蜂等昆虫传粉期间喷施阿维菌素的最佳时机,解决药剂防治病虫与昆虫授粉之间的矛盾,达到二者协同作用使作物增产的效果,以紫花苜蓿为试验作物,以西方蜜蜂为试验对象,喷施推荐剂量和2倍于推荐剂量的阿维菌素,对植株农残、传粉昆虫数量、蜜蜂访花时间、蜂群损失量、解毒酶活力等指标进行调查与分析。结果表明,喷施阿维菌素5 d内会缩短蜜蜂单花访问时间,减少蜂群中蜜蜂数量,该药胁迫会导致蜜蜂急性死亡,剂量越高,死亡数量越多,未死亡的采集蜂通过提高自身解毒酶活力来发挥解毒作用。由此得出,大田施药后至少间隔5d再放蜂,最好保证间隔在7 d以上。To solve the contradiction between pest control and pollinator protection to increase crop yields, we carried out the experiment to determine the optimal spraying time of abamectin in the alfalfa fields while minimizing the adverse impacts on pollinators, such as Apis mellifera. The recommended dose and twice the recommended dose of abamectin were sprayed on alfalfa, and the pesticide residues, as well as the pollinator number, flower-visiting time, colony loss, and the activity of detoxification enzyme of A. mellifera, were investigated. The result showed that flower-visiting time and the population of A. mellifera were reduced within five days after abamectin spraying. Abamectin stress could cause acute death of honeybee, and the death rate increased with the spraying dose. The surviving field bees detoxified abamectin by increasing the activity of detoxification enzymes. To sum up, the interval between abamectin application and honeybee release should be at least five days, preferably more than seven days.

关 键 词：阿维菌素 蜜蜂 农药残留 授粉效率 解毒酶 

分 类 号：S481.8[农业科学—农药学]