由解释到训诂:先秦文献正文训诂与中国训诂学的发生  

From Interpretation to Exegesis:The Exegetic Texts in Pre-Qin Classics and the Genesis of Chinese Exegetics

作　　者：孟琢[1] MENG Zhuo(Research Center for Collation and Standardization of Chinese Character,BNU,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学民俗典籍文字研究中心、中国文字整理与规范研究中心,北京100875

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期106-114,共9页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门绝学专项学术团队项目“中国训诂学的理论总结与现代转型”(20VJXT015)。

摘　　要：先秦文献正文训诂分为“王官学”与“诸子学”两大阶段,前者属于早期的文化解释行为,在正名思想、教育普及和百家争鸣的背景下,它发生了根本性的历史转变。在学术精神上,正文训诂的释义重心由词义外延转向词义内涵,以词义互证为基本路径,形成了训诂学特有的释义原则;在学术内容上,正文训诂从体式、内容、类型、术语等角度奠定了中国训诂学的学术基础。在这一过程中,广义的“解释”凝聚为以语义为中心的“训诂”,体现出训诂学的发生规律。立足中国训诂学的历史起点进行溯源性反思,可以深入理解训诂学的古今之际,把握其学科特质与现代发展方向。The exegetic texts in pre-Qin classics are divided into two major stages: the scholarship of court officials and the scholarship of Zhuzi philosophers.The former was an act of incipient cultural interpretation in early China, which underwent a historical transformation in the context of the idea of nominal rectification, the popularization of cultural education, and the contention of a hundred schools of thoughts.In terms of academic spirit, the focus of exegetic texts in classics shifted from the denotation of words to the connotation of words and took mutual linguistic evidence as the basic verification path, thus forming the unique principles of Chinese exegetics.In terms of academic content, exegetic texts laid the foundation for the tradition of exegetics since the Han dynasties from the perspectives of style, content, type, terminology, etc.In this process, the broad sense of interpretation coalesced into the semantics-centred exegesis, indicating the genesis laws of Chinese exegetics.Based on the historical starting point of Chinese exegesis, we can deeply understand the ancient and modern times of exegesis and grasp its discipline characteristics and modern development direction.

关 键 词：先秦文献正文训诂 释义原则 语义学 阐释学 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]