论“语录”与“语录体”  

On Quotations and Quotations Style

作　　者：夏德靠[1] Xia Dekao(College of Humanities, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China)

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院人文学院

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期147-157,共11页Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“语录类文献整理与儒家话语体系建构及传承的研究”(20&ZD265)的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：语录是古代十分重要的一种文献,目前有关“语录”与“语录体”的含义、起源、类型、文体生成及特征的认识还存在分歧。“语录”与“语录体”是相关而又有差异的两个术语,二者有着较复杂的关联。“语录”可指文献,而“语录体”则是指文体,在此意义上,“语录体”从属于语录文献。不过“语录”也指文体,此时的“语录”可指专书文体,也可指篇章文体,而“语录体”则指专书文体,专书意义上的“语录”与“语录体”是一致的。由于专书文体是由篇章文体构成,故“语录体”也包含“语录”。从起源角度来看,“语录”先于“语录体”,“语录体”是“语录”发展的结果,是由《论语》创制的。从专书角度来看,《论语》开创的“语录体”呈现言、行两录的特征;从篇章角度来看,《论语》存在格言、对话、事语这些次生文体。《论语》篇章文体的形成主要缘于粘合、扩充、原文迻录、改造等编纂方式,而专书语体的形成则与编纂者自觉接受乞言传统密切相关。《论语》的编纂源于孔门实录,它们大都与教学相关,但《论语》首先属于儒家文献,此后成为经部文献,这就表明,“语录体”在开创之际就已呈现出教学之外的意义。Quotations are a very important document in ancient times.Till today,opinions on quotations and quotations style still vary in their meaning,origin,type,style and characteristics.quotations and quotations style are tightly related but different,with the former referring to documents while the latter referring to styles.In this sense,the latter is subordinate to the former.However,quotations can also be used to describe the style,referring to the book style or the text style,while quotations style refers to the book style only.Thus,when mentioning the book style,quotations and quotations style are actually the same term.Since the book style is composed of its text style,the quotations style includes quotations.Judging from their origins,quotations precede quotations style,as the latter is the result of the former development and was created by The Analects of Confucius.From the perspective of a book,the quotations style created by The Analects of Confucius presents the characteristics of dual recordings of both words and deeds.From discourse perspective,The Analects of Confucius has secondary styles such as maxims,dialogues,and things.The formation of The Analects of Confucius text style is mainly reflected in the cohesion,expansion,original translation,transformation and other compilation methods,while the formation of the text style is closely related to the editor’s acceptance of the tradition of seeking instruction.The compilation of The Analects of Confucius originated from Confucian records of daily teaching.However,The Analects of Confucius status as the Confucian documents and later among Confucian classics proves that its significance is beyond teaching.

关 键 词：《论语》 语录 语录体 言行两录 

分 类 号：B222.1[哲学宗教—中国哲学] G256[文化科学—图书馆学]