因何而美:旅游审美体验的溯源与机制  

Why We Find It Beautiful:A Reflection on Tourism Aesthetic Experience and Research on Its Mental Mechanisms

作　　者：吴恒[1] 何文俊 WU Heng;HE Wenjun(Economics and Management School,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2022年第1期99-108,共10页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“乡村文化旅游云服务技术集成与应用示范”(2019YFB1405603)资助。

摘　　要：随着审美活动逐渐成为生产、交换与消费系统中的结构性组成部分,厘清旅游者审美体验的心理结构维度及内部互动机理至关重要。援引认知心理学的双系统理论,文章提出了旅游审美心理机制的理论框架,选取典型审美个体与审美群体样本,并结合案例分析与社会网络分析方法,论证了包括"美的知觉-美的理解-美的共创-美的审视-美的表达-美的转移"在内的旅游审美体验的6个心理结构维度,各维度循环往复,实现启发机制到系统机制再回归启发机制的审美心理过程,游客在螺旋式循环的心理活动中实现了由浅入深的旅游审美体验,并最终超越感官刺激下的审美偏狭,实现了逐步递进的美之生命体验。With improvements in cultural literacy,aesthetic activities have gradually become a structural component in systems of social production,exchange,and consumption.Tourism is a comprehensive,important aesthetic activity that integrates the beauties of nature,art,and social life;it possesses deep connotations and high expectations—especially regarding social aesthetic education.However,with respect to the attention economy,the important,complex mental mechanisms related to aesthetic subjects in tourism have been largely ignored:increasing sensory stimulation and catering to public interests have become the priority strategy of tourism enterprises.Accordingly,it is necessary to clarify the mental mechanisms of the tourism aesthetic experience from a micro-perspective.That leads to addressing the following question:how can some tourists achieve an aesthetic experience though others cannot?By adopting and expanding the conventional concept of the four elements of aesthetic psychology,the present study applies dual-process theory(heuristic-systematic model);it presents a theoretical framework of the mental mechanisms for the tourism aesthetic experience.This research combines a case study with social network analysis,and it selected typical samples as empirical data.Notably,this study examined Xu Xiake’s Travel Notes as an individual aesthetic sample,and it investigated online travel notes as aesthetic group samples.This study makes three overall conclusions.First,this investigation identified six dimensions of the mental mechanisms for the tourism aesthetic experience:aesthetic perception;aesthetic understanding;aesthetic co-creation;aesthetic interpretation;aesthetic expression;and aesthetic transfer.Those six dimensions follow the cycle of heuristic system to systematic system to heuristic system;in that way,they constitute the complex process of the tourism aesthetic experience.In that continuous cycle,tourists achieve the aesthetic experience from a shallow to a deep level;finally,they attain improved personal

关 键 词：旅游审美 双系统理论 心理机制 结构维度 互动机理 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]