汉语论元否定句的类型归属及其库藏背景  

The typological grouping of term negation in Chinese and its inventory background

作　　者：刘丹青 LIU Danqing

机构地区：[1]深圳大学人文学院,518060

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2022年第1期38-53,共16页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(19AYY004);深圳大学特聘教授科研启动项目资助。

摘　　要：论元否定指以否定形式表达论元(主要是宾语)量化值为零的命题。Kahrel(1996)通过跨语言考察,归纳论元否定的表达手段有5种类型,其中汉语有类型1(John not bought something)和类型5(There is nothing that John bought.),主要依据是"我没买什么"。本文指出"什么"否定句不是论元零量化句。汉语论元否定句有6种构式,代表性的构式是光杆名词宾语否定句(我没买东西),须补进类型系统。其他5种(我什么都没买;我没买一点儿/一分钱东西;我一点儿都没买;我没买任何东西;我没有买一切东西)各有原因而不能视为论元否定句的代表。文末分析了光杆名词宾语句成为汉语代表性论元否定句的库藏背景。Term negation refers to a negative proposition in which the argument(mainly regarding object) is under zero quantification. Based on a cross-linguistic survey, Kahrel(1996) provides a five-way typology of term negation. According to this typology, Chinese is of Type 1("John not bought something.") and Type 5("There is nothing that John bought." Not concerned in this paper). The main argument for Type 1 is that in ‘Wo mei mai shenme’("I not bought what"),‘shenme’("what") serves as an indefinite pronoun("something"). The present paper points out that ‘shenme’-negation is not a sentence with genuine zero-quantification for object. Chinese syntactic representation of term negation is highly diversified, with 6 constructions. The representative one is the negative clause with a bare NP as object. The other 5 cannot be viewed as representative constructions for term negation due to various reasons. Finally, the paper analyzes the inventory background for the bare-object negation being representative constructions for term negation in Chinese.

关 键 词：论元否定句类型 零量化 无指代词 无定代词 任指代词 光杆名词语 库藏背景 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]