基于相变储热材料的温室栽培架设计及性能研究  

Design and performance of greenhouse cultivation rack based on phase change materials for heat storage

作　　者：陈昊[1] 汪小旵[1,2] 施印炎 张先洁 CHEN Hao;WANG Xiaochan;SHI Yinyan;ZHANG Xianjie(College of Engineering,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210031,China;Engineering Laboratory of Modern Facility Agriculture Technology and Equipment in Jiangsu Province,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210031,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院,江苏南京210031 [2]江苏省现代设施农业技术与装备工程实验室,江苏南京210031

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第2期135-143,154,共10页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家“十三五”重点研发计划项目“园艺作物设施生产关键技术”(2019YFD1001900)。

摘　　要：【目的】设计一种基于相变储热材料的温室栽培架,为解决温室作物冬季面临的低温冷害等问题提供参考。【方法】利用相变蓄放热系统、辅助加热系统、热风循环系统等组成栽培架,通过试验测试了典型晴天和典型阴天条件下栽培架种植区和相变蓄放热系统内的温度,对种植区与温室内的温度进行比较,并用FLIR红外成像仪采集线椒、番茄叶片部分的热红外图像,验证栽培架的放热保温效果。【结果】在典型晴天且不开启辅助加热条件下,种植区夜间平均温度较温室内高1.2~2.5℃;在典型阴天条件下,夜间开启辅助加热系统时,种植区夜间平均温度较温室内高3.3~6.8℃。在典型晴天和阴天两种天气条件下,栽培架内种植作物的叶片温度均高于同时段温室内种植的作物。栽培架的平均能量利用率在典型晴天和典型阴天条件下分别为65.1%和56.6%,栽培架的平均性能系数(COP)在典型晴天条件和典型阴天条件下分别为9.3和2.2。【结论】所设计的基于相变储热材料的温室栽培架冬季种植区增温明显,可有效改善作物生长的热环境,且节能效果明显。【Objective】A greenhouse cultivation rack based on phase change materials for heat storage was designed to provide reference for dealing with low temperature and cold damage faced by greenhouse crops in winter.【Method】The cultivation rack was constructed by using phase change heat storage and release system,auxiliary heating system and hot air circulation system,the temperature in the planting area and the phase change heat storage and release system under typical sunny conditions and typical cloudy conditions was tested through experiments.The temperature in the planting area was compared with the temperature in the greenhouse.The FLIR infrared imager was used to collect thermal infrared images of leaves of line peppers and tomatoes to verify the heat release and preservation effect.【Result】The average night temperature in the planting area was 1.2-2.5℃higher than that in the greenhouse under typical sunny days without auxiliary heating.Under typical cloudy conditions with auxiliary heating at night,the average night temperature in the planting area was 3.3-6.8℃higher than that in the greenhouse.Under both sunny and cloudy conditions,the leaf temperature of crops planted in the cultivation rack was higher than that of the crops planted in the greenhouse.The average energy utilization rates of the cultivation rack under typical sunny and cloudy conditions were 65.1%and 56.6%with average coefficient of performance were 9.3 and 2.2,respectively.【Conclusion】The designed greenhouse cultivation rack based on phase change materials for heat storage increased temperature significantly in the planting area in winter,which can effectively improve thermal environment for crop growth with significant energy saving effect.

关 键 词：相变材料 玻璃温室 栽培架设计 放热保温 节能效果 

分 类 号：S625.3[农业科学—园艺学]