学术职业压力下教师学术产出行为与制度重构——基于新功能主义的社会行为分析  

Research on influence mechanism of academic occupational stress on academic output behavior: analysis of social behavior based on Neo-functionalism

作　　者：宋梦赏 SONG Meng-shang(Institute of Higher Education,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian,Liaoning 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学高等教育研究院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《教学研究》2022年第1期23-28,共6页Research in Teaching

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题(BIA200199)。

摘　　要：新功能主义下的社会行为分析强调行为本身以及行动者自身的创造性,强调环境对于行为的强制性作用以及行为对于环境的变革作用。伴随着新管理主义对高等教育的渗透以及强调效率和产出的制度环境的出现,教师的学术职业压力不断增加,导致学术产出出现"重量而不重质"的现象。学术职业压力表现为时间维度上的紧迫性、学术产出总量上的高要求以及对学术产出质量的高追求。基于新功能主义下的社会行为分析,结合访谈材料对该现象的产生原因进行解释,学术职业压力的增加使得教师增大时间和精力的投入成本以缓冲学术职业压力对于学术产出的影响,教师为了寻求成本最小化和回报最大化的理想状态倾向于一般性的学术产出而规避高水平的学术产出。透过学术职业压力下的教师学术产出行为审视制度环境,高校应从学术职业的本身特征以及教师的内在追求和内在动力方面重构教师发展的制度环境。Social behavior analysis under the Neo-functionalism emphasizes the behavior itself, the creativity of the actors themselves, the mandatory role of environment for behavior and the transformative role of behavior for environment. With the penetration of new management into higher education and the emergence of institutional environment that emphasizes efficiency and output, the pressure of teachers′ academic profession is increasing constantly, which leads to the phenomenon of "weight rather than quality" in academic output. Academic pressure is manifested in the urgency of the time dimension, the high demand for the total amount of academic output and the high pursuit for the quality of academic output. Based on the social behavior analysis under the Neo-functionalism, the reasons for this phenomenon are explained with interview materials. The increase of academic professional pressure makes teachers increase the input cost of time and energy to buffer the influence of academic professional pressure on academic output. Teachers tend to general academic output and avoid high-level academic output in order to seek the ideal state of minimizing cost and maximizing return. Examining the institutional environment through teachers′ academic output behavior under the pressure of academic profession, colleges and universities should reconstruct the institutional environment for teachers′ development from the characteristics of academic profession and teachers′ internal pursuit and motivation.

关 键 词：学术职业 职业压力 学术产出 新功能主义 

分 类 号：G644[文化科学—高等教育学]