内质网-高尔基体中间体功能研究进展  

Diversified roles of the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment

作　　者：郑健飞 孙瑜昕 刘磊[1] 陶旋 葛亮 ZHENG JianFei;SUN YuXin;LIU Lei;TAO Xuan;GE Liang(State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology,Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences,School of Life Sciences,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学生命科学学院,清华大学-北京大学生命科学联合中心,膜生物学国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2022年第1期28-45,共18页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“细胞器互作网络及其功能研究”重大研究计划培育项目(批准号:91854114);科技部重大研发计划(批准号:2019YFA0508602)项目资助。

摘　　要：内质网-高尔基体中间体(ERGIC)的发现来自于对病毒蛋白胞内转运的研究.最初认为ERGIC是内质网和高尔基体之间的膜泡运输分选站,主要调控早期分泌途径中的货物分选及双向运输.随着研究的深入,发现ERGIC在细胞应激条件下发挥其他重要细胞学功能,包括在自噬过程中调控早期自噬体膜的形成,以及在非经典蛋白分泌途径中扮演蛋白跨膜转运的膜泡载体.多项研究证明包括新冠病毒在内的冠状病毒利用宿主细胞的ERGIC作为其装配位点,实现复制和包装.除此之外,研究提示ERGIC也参与蛋白质量控制,而且可能以内质网漩涡等其他的内膜体形式存在,并调控细胞应激条件下的内膜系统稳态平衡.虽然ERGIC多个功能被发现,但是我们对ERGIC的功能认知只是冰山一角,尤其是对ERGIC不同生理和病理状态下结构动态和功能调控尚不清楚.本文将对ERGIC的细胞学功能以及分子调控机制进行总结和讨论.Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment(ERGIC) was identified from studies of virus membrane protein trafficking.Initially ERGIC was thought as an intermediate station for vesicle transport between the endoplasmic reticulum(ER) and the Golgi by regulating cargo sorting and bidirectional traffic in the early secretory pathway. Recently, ERGIC has been found to play essential roles in regulating several key cellular processes under stress conditions. Firstly, ERGIC is a key membrane source for the early stage of autophagosome biogenesis in autophagy. Secondly, ERGIC acts as the membrane carrier for the translocation of secretory cargoes in the vesicle in unconventional protein secretion. Coronaviruses, including the SARS-CoV-2, utilize ERGIC in the host cell as the assembly station for expansion. In addition, ERGIC also regulates protein quality control and may exist in other forms of endomembranes, e.g. the ER whorl, to control endomembrane homeostasis under stress condition. Although multiple functions of ERGIC have been identified, our knowledge on this topic is still in the infant stage. Especially, it remains to be known how the dynamics and functions of ERGIC are regulated under physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we summarize and discuss the current known and unknown aspects of ERGIC.

关 键 词：ERGIC 膜泡运输 RAB 自噬 COPⅡ 非经典蛋白分泌 TMED 冠状病毒 

分 类 号：Q25[生物学—细胞生物学]