少捕慎诉背景下裁量不起诉的比较法再探讨  

A Comparative Study of Non-prosecution Discretion in the Context of“Less Arrest and Cautious Prosecution”

作　　者：郭烁 GUO Shuo

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学诉讼法学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《求是学刊》2022年第1期104-114,共11页Seeking Truth

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重点项目“大数据侦查视野下的公民基本权利保护研究”(20FXA003)。

摘　　要：有限的司法资源和不断增长的犯罪数量间的矛盾日益凸现,促使人们反思起诉法定主义一元格局的正当性,裁量不起诉也即起诉便宜原则应运而生。在美国,该原则主要体现为检察官裁量不起诉的权力。通过比较法分析可以看到,该权力在美国刑事司法运行中作用巨大且几乎不受制约。中国刑事司法实践中的酌定不起诉制度运行相当艰难,个中原因复杂。在认罪认罚从宽制度正式引入刑事诉讼法、中央提出“少捕慎诉慎押”刑事政策的背景下,确立酌定不起诉制度的适度扩张原则非常必要。The conflict between limited judicial resources and rising crime rates is increasingly apparent,which makes people reconsider the justification of the monistic structure:the legal procedure of prosecution.Therefore,the discretionary power of non-prosecution,ie,the doctrine of prosecuting discretion comes into being.This doctrine embodies the prosecutors’discretionary power to decide not to prosecute in the United States.It is clear that such power plays an enormous role and is almost unlimited in the criminal process of the U.S.from the perspective of comparative law.The reasons that have led to the difficulty in implementing the mechanism of non-prosecution discretion in the criminal process of China are very complicated.In the context in which the“leniency system for admitting guilt and accepting punishment”has been codified into Chinese Criminal Procedural Law as well as the criminal policy of“less arrest and cautious prosecution and custody”has been proposed by the central government,it is necessary to establish the moderate expansion principle of the mechanism of non-prosecution discretion.

关 键 词：裁量不起诉 起诉法定 起诉便宜 认罪认罚从宽 少捕慎诉慎押 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]