中国廉政治理研究中的“国家视角”与“地方视角”  

“National Perspective”and“Local Perspective”in the Study of China's Clean Governance

作　　者：许天翔 Xu Tianxiang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院社会学研究所 [2]中国社会科学院中国廉政研究中心

出　　处：《廉政学研究》2021年第2期212-236,246,247,共27页Clean-Governance Study

基　　金：2021年国家社会科学基金青年项目“中国地方政府廉政治理激励机制研究”(21CZZ051)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：关于中国廉政治理的阐释性研究可以分为两大理论研究视角,即“国家整体主义”的分析视角和“地方局部主义”的分析视角。前者秉承整体性思维,将整个国域视作一个治理单元,将中央政府视为最重要甚至唯一的行动者,强调国家反腐的决心、意志和专门性的反腐败机构在廉政治理中的作用。寻求廉政治理取得局部突破的“地方视角”则更为关注地方层面的行动者在廉政治理方面所扮演的不可或缺的重要角色,进而强调他们在推动国家廉政治理方面的积极作用。不过,廉政治理不仅涉及中央或地方层面的政策制定、惩罚力度,更关乎法律、制度的执行。对此,不少研究已经关注到,在巨大的治理规模和多层级的治理体系下,开展廉政治理活动需要解决“交易成本”和“做对激励”问题,否则廉政政策在执行过程中将缺乏足够的内生动力导致反腐力度不足,这是廉政治理绩效不佳的重要原因。本文认为,廉政治理的“国家视角”虽然揭示了中国反腐倡廉的整体性变化和阶段性特征,但忽视了政府层级性、治理成本和代理人激励问题。而“地方视角”虽有助于理解廉政治理的多元性和区域性特征,但割裂了央地关系的影响,过度拔高了地方自主性。新近研究虽然将重点转向廉政治理过程,但仅强调了治理成本、代理人激励和反腐败动力的重要性,并没有充分揭示其内在机理。推动中国特色廉政学“三大体系”建设,需要从我国特殊的央地关系、条块关系出发,以廉政治理的激励机制-执行动力-治理绩效为切入点,探寻超大规模国家、多层级政府实现廉洁政治的治理之道。The interpretive research on China's clean politics can be divided into two major theoretical research perspectives,namely,a holistic national analysis perspective and a focused local analysis perspective.Adhering holistic thinking,the former regards the entire country as a governance unit,and the central government as the most important or even the only actor,and emphasizes the role of national anti-corruption willingness,determination and its role in specialized anti-corruption institutions in clean politics.The local perspective that seeks to make a breakthrough in particular aspect in clean politics is more concerned with the indispensable and important role played by local actors in clean politics,further emphasizing their positive role in promoting the clean polities of the country.However,clean politics involves not on-ly the fomulation of policies and punishments both at the central or local levels,but also the enforcement of laws and systems.In this regard,quite a few studies have paid atention to the fact that under the huge govemance scale and muli-level govermance system,the implementation of clean politie activities needs to solve the problems of“transaction costs”and“right incentives”,otherwise the insufficient internal impetus may lead to unmotivatied eforts in anti-corruption in process of carrying out clean govemance policies,which is the main reason for the poor performance of clean politics.This article be lieves that the“national perspective”of clean political theory reveals the over-all changes and characteristics in dfferent phases of China's anicorruption and promotion of clean govemance,but ignore the issues of govenment hierar-chy,governance costs,and agent incentives.Meanwhile,although the“local perspective”helps to understand the pluralistie and regional characterstis of clean politis,it cuts off the infuence of the relationship between the central and local govermments and excessively increases local autonomy.Even though recent research has shifted is focus to the proce

关 键 词：廉政治理 中央政府 地方政府 央地关系 激励机制 

分 类 号：D26[政治法律—政治学]