水稻直播适应性的遗传基础与育种策略  

Genetic Basis of Direct Seeding Adaptability in Rice and its Breeding Strategy

作　　者：闫晓霞 王丰[1] 柳武革[1] 廖亦龙[1] 朱满山[1] 付崇允[1] 霍兴 刘迪林[1] YAN Xiaoxia;WANG Feng;LIU Wuge;LIAO Yilong;ZHU Manshan;FU Chongyun;HUO Xing;LIU Dilin(Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory,Guangzhou 510640,China;College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院水稻研究所/广东省育种新技术重点实验室/广东省水稻工程实验室,广东广州510640 [2]广东海洋大学滨海农业学院,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2022年第1期1-13,共13页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B0202090003,2018B020206002);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2019A1515011903);广东省农业科学院科技创新战略专项资金(高水平农科院建设)-人才项目(R2018YJYB1001);广东省农业科学院农业优势产业学科团队建设项目(202101TD)。

摘　　要：水稻是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一。随着农村劳动力减少和劳动力成本攀升,水稻生产正在从移栽转向直播。尽管直播与移栽相比有多重优势,但由于专用品种匮乏,直播生产风险较大,存在产量不高不稳的情况,普遍面临全苗难、草害重、易倒伏等问题,亟需选育耐低氧低温发芽、早生快发、抗除草剂、抗倒伏的直播型品种。在耐低氧萌发、耐低温发芽、耐除草剂和抗倒伏性方面,已鉴定到较多QTL或基因。OsTPP7、OsCBL10、qLTG3-1、HIS1和SCM2等基因的成功克隆,为分子育种提供了重要基因资源。围绕耐淹水萌发、耐低温发芽、除草剂抗性和抗倒伏性等直播适应性相关性状,梳理了水稻直播适应性的遗传基础,重点阐述控制直播适应性的关键基因及相关基因的利用情况,指出需要紧密结合分子育种和常规育种,通过多基因、多性状的快速高效聚合,实现直播品种培育,促进水稻直播生产可持续发展。Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world.With the decrease of rural labor force and the rapid increase of labor cost,rice production is shifting from transplanting to direct seeding.Despite the multiple advantages over transplanting,high production risk still exists in direct seeding rice and the yield is not high and unstable due to lack of direct-seeding varieties.There are three crucial problems in the production of rice direct seeding,such as poor seedling establishment,severe weed infestation and being susceptible to lodging.It is urgent to develop direct-seeding varieties which have the traits of tolerance to anaerobic germination and low temperature germination,strong early vigor,herbicide resistance and lodging resistance.Many QTL or genes have been identified for the traits of anaerobic germination tolerance,low temperature germination tolerance,herbicide resistance and lodging resistance.Some genes such as OsTPP7,OsCBL10,qLTG3-1,HIS1 and SCM2 have been successfully cloned,providing important gene resources for molecular breeding.In this review,based on the traits related to direct seeding adaptability,such as anaerobic germination tolerance,low temperature germination tolerance,herbicide resistance and lodging resistance,the rice genetic basis of direct seeding adaptability and the utilization status of the key genes controlling direct seeding adaptability and related genes were summarized.It is suggested that the development of direct-seeding rice varieties need an integrated use of modern molecular breeding and conventional breeding methods to achieve rapid and efficient pyramiding of multiple genes/traits in direct-seeding varieties,with a view to guaranteeing a sustainable development of direct-seeding rice.

关 键 词：低氧萌发 低温发芽 除草剂抗性 倒伏 直播稻 

分 类 号：S511.032[农业科学—作物学]