种植体周围软组织质量对于边缘骨吸收的影响研究进展  

Research progress on the effect of peri-implant soft tissue quality and quantity on the marginal bone loss

作　　者：李笑班 王庆福[1] 张健[1] LI Xiao-ban;WANG Qing-fu;ZHANG Jian(Department of Implantology,Tianjin Stomatology Hospital,Tianjin 30041,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市口腔医院口腔种植科,天津300041

出　　处：《口腔颌面修复学杂志》2022年第1期75-80,共6页Chinese Journal of Prosthodontics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(项目编号:81901062);天津市临床医学重点学科(口腔医学-口腔颌面外科学)专项基金(项目编号:HWZX013);天津市卫生健康委科技人才培育项目(项目编号:KJ20108)。

摘　　要：影响种植体周围边缘骨吸收的因素有很多,种植体周围的软组织质量是其中很重要的一项。种植体周围的软组织质量可以应用角化黏膜宽度(keratinized mucosa width,KMW)、黏膜厚度(mucosa thickness,MT)和骨嵴上软组织高度(supracrestal tissue height,STH)等参数描述。本文就STH、MT、KMW等对边缘骨吸收的影响机制及临床研究文献进行简要综述。STH对边缘骨吸收的影响获得了比较充分的证据证实,在垂直向软组织高度不足的位点植入种植体后会因形成足够高度的软组织封闭而导致边缘骨吸收。MT对种植体周围的边缘骨吸收没有直接影响,但是黏膜厚度和高度之间存在一定的比例,MT不足的区域可能会导致STH的降低进而间接影响边缘骨吸收。KMW对边缘骨吸收亦无直接影响,但是KMW的不足可能会增加远期罹患种植体周围炎的风险从而引起边缘骨吸收。在临床工作中,我们需要关注种植体周围软组织的"质"与"量",必要时应用适当的软组织增量技术,确保种植体周围骨的稳定性。There are many factors affecting the marginal bone loss, of which the soft tissue quality around the implant is very important. The soft tissue around the implant can be described as keratinized mucosa width(KMW), mucosa thickness(MT) and supracrestal tissue height(STH). In this paper, the influence mechanism of STH, MT and KTW on the marginal bone loss and clinical research literature were briefly reviewed. Sufficient evidence has been obtained on the influence of STH on the early marginal bone loss. It has been confirmed that the implantation of implants to the site with insufficient soft tissue height will lead to marginal bone loss due to the insufficient height of soft tissue closure.MT has no direct effect on marginal bone resorption around implants, but there is a certain proportion between mucosal thickness and height. Areas with insufficient mucosal thickness may lead to a decrease in height and thus indirectly affect marginal bone loss. KTW also has no direct effect on marginal bone loss, but insufficient keratinized tissue width may increase the risk of long-term peri-implantitis and cause marginal bone loss. In clinical work, we need to pay attention to the‘ quality’ and‘ quantity’ of soft tissue around implants, and apply appropriate soft tissue augmentation techniques when necessary to ensure the stability of bone around implants.

关 键 词：软组织质量 角化黏膜宽度 黏膜厚度 骨嵴上软组织高度 边缘骨吸收 

分 类 号：R783.4[医药卫生—口腔医学]