技术合同双方对他人侵权的责任分担--《民法典》第874条的解释适用  

Tort Liability Apportionment of Technology Contract Parties'Infringement against Others:The Interpretation and Application of Article 874 of the Chinese Civil Code

作　　者：汤贞友 Tang Zhenyou

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学民商法学院

出　　处：《知识产权》2022年第1期80-96,共17页Intellectual Property

基　　金：重庆知识产权保护协同创新中心项目“技术交易中善意第三人的保护研究”(21IPZX001)资助。

摘　　要：《民法典》第874条从文义解释上看,存在诸多不合理之处,且与相关法规存在冲突,亟待解释澄清。从目的性、体系性及社会学解释出发,该条中“受让人、被许可人”的主观状态应限定为善意。依基本逻辑推断,“由让与人或者许可人承担责任”中的“责任”应解释为“赔偿责任”,结合其规范意旨,“侵害他人合法权益”意为负赔偿责任的侵权行为。从句末但书“当事人另有约定的除外”反推,《民法典》第874条实为技术合同双方对他人侵权的内部责任分配之规定,“赔偿责任”应再限缩解释为“内部赔偿责任”。《民法典》第874条授予了善意受让人、被许可人对让与人、许可人的追偿权,该条与《专利法》第77条、《民法典》第1169条相配合,使得前两者负先付责任或不真正连带责任。From the perspective of literal interpretation,there are some unreasonable points in Article 874 of the Chinese Civil Code,which need to be clarified.And based on the purposive,systemic and sociological interpretation,the subjective state of"the transferee and licensee"in Article 874 should be limited to"good faith".From the basic logic,"liability of the transferor or licensor"should be interpreted as"compensatory liability",so that"infringing the legitimate rights and interests of others"means an infringement from which compensatory liability arises.From"except being agreed by the parties",it can be referred that Article 874 is about the distribution of compensatory liability between contract parties,so the"compensatory liability"should be further interpreted as"internal compensatory liability".Therefore,Article 874 grants bona fides third party a right of recovery against the transferor or licensor,making the former liable for advance payment or unreal joint and several liability when applying together with Article 77 of the Patent Law and Article 1169 of the Civil Code.

关 键 词：技术转让 技术许可 善意第三人 无过错责任 追偿权 不真正连带责任 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]