废弃菌渣中纤维素降解细菌的筛选及其降解特性分析  

Screening and characteristics analysis of degradation of cellulose degrading bacteria from waste edible fungus residue

作　　者：王雪郦 申开卫 雷超 邱树毅[1,2] WANG Xue-li;SHEN Kai-wei;LEI Chao;QIU Shu-yi(Guizhou Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biological Pharmacy,Guiyang 550025,China;College of Liquor and Food Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;College of Life Science,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省发酵工程与生物制药重点实验室,贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学酿酒与食品工程学院,贵阳550025 [3]贵州大学生命科学学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2021年第11期2913-2922,共10页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑〔2020〕1Y116),(黔科合支撑〔2020〕1Y154);贵州省科技平台及人才团队计划项目(黔科合平台人才〔2018〕5251);贵州省发酵工程与白酒酿造人才基地项目(黔人领发〔2018〕3号)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)和纤维素粉对纤维素降解细菌筛选结果的影响,为废弃食用菌菌渣的综合利用提供参考依据。【方法】分别以CMC-Na和纤维素粉为唯一碳源,采用刚果红染色法从废弃菌渣中筛选出具有纤维素降解性能的细菌,利用形态学和分子生物学对其进行鉴定,通过酶活力测定和滤纸崩解试验对各菌株的纤维素降解特性进行对比分析。【结果】从CMC-Na固体培养基分离纯化获得的34株细菌中有7株具有较好的纤维素降解性能,经鉴定主要是芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)、枯草芽孢杆菌(B.subtilis)和解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B.amyloliquefaciens),而从纤维素粉固体培养基分离纯化获得的36株细菌中有7株具有较好的纤维素降解性能,经鉴定主要是高山芽孢杆菌(B.altitudinis)、甲基营养型芽胞杆菌(B.methylotrophicus)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽胞杆菌植物亚种(B.amyloliquefaciens subsp.plantarum)、沼泽芽孢杆菌(B.vallismortis)、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(B.velezensis)和芽孢杆菌。通过酶活力测定试验和滤纸条崩解试验发现,g31菌株在7 d内能将滤纸崩解成糊状,该菌株具有最高的滤纸酶(FPase)和内切葡聚糖酶(CMCase)活力,分别为33.14和394.41 U/mL,而C23菌株具有较高的β-葡萄糖苷酶(β-Gase)活力,为118.12 U/mL,g29菌株具有较高的外切葡聚糖酶(Cex)活力,为1.22 U/mL。【结论】以纤维素粉为碳源分离筛选得到的纤维素降解细菌种类更丰富,具有更好的滤纸崩解效果和更高的酶活性能,可为纤维素降解提供优质的菌种资源。【Objective】To study the influence of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium(CMC-Na)and cellulose powder on the screening results of cellulose degrading bacteria,and provide a basis for the comprehensive utilization of waste edible fungus residue.【Method】In this study,CMC-Na and cellulose powder were used as the only carbon sources,the cellulose degrading bacteria were screened from the edible mushroom slag by Congo red staining method,which were identified by morphology and molecular biology,and the cellulose degradation characteristics of each strain were compared and ana-lyzed by enzyme vitality determination and filter paper disintegrate test.【Result】The results showed that 34 bacteria were isolated and purified from the CMC-Na,7 of them had good cellulose degradation performance,which were mainly identi-fied as Bacillus sp.,B.subtilis,B.amyloliquefaciens.While 36 strains were isolated and purified from the cellulose pow-der solid medium,7 of them had good cellulose degradation performance,there were mainly identified as B.altitudinis,B.methylotrophicus,B.amyloliquefacien,B.amyloliquefaciens subsp.plantarum,B.vallismortis,Bacillus sp.Through the enzyme activity determination test and the filter paper strip disintegration test,it was found that the g31 strain could disintegrate the filter paper into a paste within 7 d,and this strain had the highest filter paper enzyme(FPase)activityand endoglucanase(CMCase)activity,the enzyme activities reached 33.14 and 394.41 U/mL,while the C23 strain had a higherβ-glucosidase(β-Gase)activity,which was 118.12 U/mL,g29 strain had a higher exo-glucanaanaose carbohydrase(Cex)activity,which was 1.22 U/mL.【Conclusion】The study shows that the cellulose degrading bacteria isolated and screened with cellulose powder as carbon source are more abundant,have better filter paper disintegration effect and higher en-zyme activity,which can provide high-quality strain resources for cellulose degradation.

关 键 词：食用菌菌渣 碳源 纤维素降解细菌 筛选 降解特性 

分 类 号：S646.099[农业科学—蔬菜学]