氮肥基追比例对春小麦茎鞘非结构碳水化合物及产量的影响  

Effect of the Ratio of Basal/Topdressing Nitrogen Fertilizer on Non-Structural Carbohydrate in Shoots and Yield of Spring Wheat

作　　者：王海琪 蒋桂英[1] 黄艺华 王荣荣 马艳梅 晏世杰 WANG Haiqi;JIANG Guiying;HUANG Yihua;WANG Rongrong;MA Yanmei;YAN Shijie(College of Agronomy,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2021年第12期1512-1523,共12页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31760346)。

摘　　要：为探明氮肥不同基追比例对新疆滴灌春小麦茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)在不同节中的积累和运转动态规律及其对籽粒产量贡献率的影响,以强筋小麦新春37号、中筋小麦新春6号为材料,采用裂区设计,以品种为主区,以氮肥处理(总施氮量250 kg·hm^(-2))为副区,设置0∶0、2∶8、3∶7、4∶6、5∶5共5个氮肥基追比,分析了两个小麦品种不同节(穗下节、倒二节、其余节)的干重、NSC及果聚糖的积累运转、果聚糖含量、果聚糖相关酶活性与籽粒特性及其差异。结果表明,两品种不同节位的茎鞘干重、NSC及果聚糖积累和运转量、果聚糖相关酶活性、籽粒产量均随氮肥基追比例的增加呈先增后降趋势,以基追比3∶7处理表现最佳。不同节位比较,以其余节中的茎鞘干重、NSC及果聚糖积累、运转量最大,其干重、NSC及果聚糖对粒重的贡献率分别为22.16%、53.94%和43.42%。两品种比较,新春37号茎秆中干物质运转效率高于新春6号,其干重、NSC及果聚糖对粒重贡献率分别比新春6号高59.03%、26.00%和27.75%。综上,NSC代谢及籽粒产量以基追比3∶7处理为最优,可作为新疆春小麦施氮模式。To explore the effects of different rates of basal/topdressing N fertilizer on the accumulation and function of non-structural carbohydrates(NSC)in different internodes and their contribution to grain yield in drip irrigated spring wheat in Xinjiang,a high-gluten content wheat cultivar Xinchun 37 and a medium-gluten content cultivar Xinchun 6 were used in this experiment.The differences in dry weight,NSC and fructan accumulation,fructan content,fructan related enzyme activity and grain characteristics between the two wheat varieties in different internodes(lower spike internode,penultimate internode and the rest of the internode)were compared and analysed.The results showed that the dry weight of stem sheath,NSC and fructan accumulation and translocation,fructan related enzyme activity and its content,and grain yield of the two varieties showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of the rates of basal/topdressing,and the most significant performance was under the 3∶7 ratio.The dry weight of stem sheath,NSC and fructan storage and translocation were the highest in the remaining internodes,and the contribution of dry weight,NSC and fructan contribution to grain yield were 22.16%,53.94%and 43.42%,respectively.Xinchun 37 was more efficient than Xinchun 6 in accumulating storage material in stalks,and the contribution of dry weight,NSC and fructan of Xinchun 37 were 59.03%,26.00%and 27.75%higher grains than those of Xinchun 6,respectively.Therefore,the optimal combination of NSC metabolism and grain yield was achieved under the 3∶7 basal/topdressing ratio,which can be used as a suitable N application pattern for spring wheat in Xinjiang.

关 键 词：滴灌小麦 氮肥基追比例 非结构性碳水化合物 果聚糖 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311