感知觉加工与概念加工对联结记忆中图片优势效应的影响  

The Influence of Perceptual Processing and Conceptual Processing on the Picture Superiority Effect in Associative Memory

作　　者：郭若宇 毛伟宾[1] 牛媛媛 Guo Ruoyu;Mao Weibin;Niu Yuanyuan(School of Psychology,Shandong Normal University,Jinan,250358)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学心理学院,济南250358

出　　处：《心理科学》2021年第6期1290-1296,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31571113)的资助。

摘　　要：本研究采用联结再认范式考察联结记忆中感知觉水平和概念加工程度对图片优势效应的影响。实验1通过呈现清晰与模糊的词语或图片对操纵了感知觉水平,结果发现只有在清晰条件下图片优势效应才会出现;实验2则在模糊条件下通过要求被试想象两个项目之间的关系操纵了概念加工程度,结果发现在有概念加工条件下,出现了图片优势效应。结果表明:(1)降低的感知觉水平会导致联结记忆中的图片优势效应消失;(2)对模糊项目对进行概念加工会使联结记忆中出现图片优势效应。Previous research has established that,all else being equal,pictures are remembered better than words,which is the picture superiority effect.Earlier studies found that the picture superiority effect was seen in tests of free recall,cued recall,and item recognition.Later studies found that the picture superiority effect also exists in associative memory.At present,two general explanations of the picture superiority effect observed in tests of item memory have been proposed:one view emphasizes that the picture has the advantage of perceptual processing,the other point emphasizes the conceptual processing advantage of the picture.While previous studies suggest that compared with perception,conceptual processing contributes more to picture superiority effect in item memory.Therefore,will the perceptual processing advantages and conceptual processing advantages of the picture also affect the appearance of the picture advantage effect in associative memory?To solve this problem,the present study aims to adopt the associative recognition paradigm to investigate whether the level of perception and the degree of conceptual processing affect the picture superiority effect in associative memory.In Experiment 1,we mainly discussed whether there was the picture superiority effect in associative memory when the pictures did not have a perceptual advantage under the blurred condition.During the study phase,participants were asked to remember which items were presented together,half of the participants studied clear picture and word pairs,while the other half studied blurred picture and word pairs.During the item recognition phase,participants were asked to determine whether the item had occurred during the study phase.During the associative recognition phase,participants were asked to determine whether the word pair or picture pair was intact pair or rearranged pair.For each participant in the item and the associative recognition tests,a measure of memory accuracy was calculated as the hits rate minus the false alarms rate.The

关 键 词：联结记忆 图片优势效应 感知觉水平 概念加工程度 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]