走进大自然:自然体验及其积极效应  

Going Into Nature:Nature Experience and Its Positive Effects

作　　者：张珂烨 左孟杰 耿柳娜[1] Zhang Keye;Zuo Mengjie;Geng Liuna(School of Social and Behavioral Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing,210023)

机构地区：[1]南京大学社会学院,南京210023

出　　处：《心理科学》2021年第6期1469-1475,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(18BSH22);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(010914370122)的资助。

摘　　要：自然体验是指个体通过各种感官感知自然或与源于自然界的刺激互动。研究者通常使用问卷测量法、自然指标法或实验操纵法来量化操纵人们的自然体验,发现接触自然可以在心理、生理和行为等方面产生积极效应。且这些积极效应会受到物理环境、个体以及社会因素的影响。未来应突破"城市——自然"二元对立思想并加强积极效应的纵深研究,拓展研究群体,促进相关研究成果的实际应用。With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization,there are fewer opportunities for modern people to contact with nature,and the relationship between human and nature has been seriously damaged.As a result,more and more urban residents have physical and mental sub-health problems.Researchers from multiple fields have tried to restart the connections between human and nature,and find ways in nature to benefit"modern human health".Nature experience means that individuals perceive and/or interact with stimuli from the nature world through various sensory channels.Researchers usually use subjective questionnaire measurement methods,objective nature index methods and experimental manipulation methods to quantify and manipulate individuals’nature experience.Previous studies have applied these methods and found that perceptions and/or interactions with natural environments have positive effects on mental health,cognitive function,physical health and behaviors.Among them,the positive effects of nature experience on mental health include the weakening of negative mental states and the strengthening of positive mental states.Moreover,previous studies showed that living near the natural environment is beneficial for long-term physical health.In terms of behaviors,people with a higher level of nature experience tend to exhibit fewer negative behaviors and more positive behaviors.With the development of multidisciplinary research related to nature experience,some scholars no longer stop at verifying whether or where there are positive effects of nature experience,they have begun to explore the factors that may affect the positive effects of nature experience,including physical environmental,personal and social factors.In terms of physical environmental factors,previous explorations of“the positive effects of nature experience”mostly focused on targets such as trees,green spaces,and/or forest parks.In addition to green space elements such as plants,there are many other key elements in nature that may play an im

关 键 词：自然体验 积极效应 物理环境因素 个体因素 社会因素 

分 类 号：B848[哲学宗教—心理学]