环境因素所致印迹基因改变与子代器官发育  

Alteration of imprinted genes and offspring organ development caused by environmental factors

作　　者：曲卉 柳毅 陈雅文 汪晖[1,2] Hui Qu;Yi Liu;Yawen Chen;Hui Wang(Department of Pharmacology,Basic Medical School of Wuhan University,Wuhan 430071,China;Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases,Wuhan 430071,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学基础医学院药理学系,武汉430071 [2]发育源性疾病湖北省重点实验室,武汉430071

出　　处：《遗传》2022年第2期107-116,共10页Hereditas（Beijing)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项(编号:2020YFA0803900)资助。

摘　　要：印迹基因是由大约100个基因组成的一类特殊子集,主要以亲本单等位基因的方式表达,对胚胎的生长发育具有重要作用。近年来发现,环境因素所引起的印迹基因表观遗传修饰改变可造成胎儿多脏器发育不良甚至成年后多疾病易感,且存在多代遗传效应。本文基于国内外最新研究进展,总结了印迹基因表达改变对个体发育阶段以及生命后期器官功能的影响,提出环境有害因素所致印迹基因表观遗传修饰及表达异常是子代多器官发育不良的重要发生机制,这对于理解个体发育过程中印迹基因表达改变所引起的表型改变及探寻疾病早期防治策略具有重要意义。Imprinted genes are a special subset of about 100 genes,which are mainly expressed in the form of parental monoallelic genes,and play important roles in the growth and development of embryos.In recent years,it has been found that epigenetic modification of imprinted genes induced by environmental factors can cause fetal multi-organ dysplasia and even susceptibility to multiple diseases in adulthood,which also exhibit multi-generational inheritance.In this review,we summarize the effects of expression changes of imprinted genes on ontogenetic development and organ functions in late stage of life,and propose that abnormal epigenetic modification and expression of imprinted genes caused by environmental deleterious factors are important mechanisms for explaining the multi-organ dysplasia in offspring.Such mechanisms are greatly significant for understanding the phenotypic changes caused by alteration of imprinted gene expression during ontogeny and exploring early prevention and treatment strategies of diseases.

关 键 词：印迹基因 环境因素 印迹基因的调控机制 表观遗传修饰 器官发育 

分 类 号：R394[医药卫生—医学遗传学]