唐以前五色诊研究  

Study on Five Color Diagnosis Before Tang Dynasty

作　　者：丁媛[1] DING Yuan(Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 201203,China)

机构地区：[1]上海中医药大学,上海201203

出　　处：《中国中医基础医学杂志》2022年第1期36-40,共5页JOURNAL OF BASIC CHINESE MEDICINE

基　　金：2019年国家社科基金重大项目(19ZDA195)-出土先秦秦汉医药文献与文物综合研究。

摘　　要：五色诊首见于《周礼》,唐以前(包括唐)的出土文献和传世典籍中有许多关于五色诊的记载。五色诊的理论基础是五色为五脏之气外发,诊断部位主要是在面部。五色诊常用于诊断五脏之病和判断疾病预后,具体方法一种是本色过于显露,另一种是转为客色。古人认为五色通天应时可与脉诊合参,根据五行生克乘侮的关系来判断疾病和预后。古人也意识到在研究人体生命活动、生理功能和病理变化时不能局限于五行的抽象概念,必须要从实际出发,因此五色诊还增加了许多补充内容,并以五行学说为理论核心,又被数术家所用成为相术的一部分,根据人之五色来判断吉凶。五色诊曾是重要的诊病方法,但因其缺陷和局限性,后世逐渐沦为辅助性诊法。Diagnosis by five colors firstly appeared in Zhou Li(Rites of Zhou Dynasty). The records about diagnosis by five colors in unearthed documents and ancient books before Tang Dynasty(including Tang Dynasty) are numerous. The theoretical basis of diagnosis by five colors is based on the external manifestations of health condition of five viscera(heart, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys). Diagnosis site is mainly on the face. It is often used to diagnose the diseases of five viscera and prognosis of the diseases. There are two specific methods: one is original complexion is revealed too much;another one is to turn to visiting complexion. The ancients believed that the five colors were corresponding to nature and seasons, combined with pulse diagnosis, and judged the disease and prognosis according to the relationship between the five elements. The ancients also realized that when studying human life activities, physiological functions and pathological changes, they should not be limited to the abstract concept of the five elements, but must start from the actual and present facts. Therefore, five-color diagnosis added many supplementary contents. Diagnosis by five colors takes the theory of five elements as its theoretical core, which is also employed by astrologer. It became a part of physiognomy, judging good or ill luck according to people’s five colors. Diagnosis by five colors was once an important diagnosis method, but gradually degraded to auxiliary diagnosis in later generations due to its defects and limitations.

关 键 词：望色 五行学说 色脉合参 

分 类 号：R241.24[医药卫生—中医诊断学]