基于干燥标本距下关节面的解剖学测量及临床意义  

Anatomical measurement of subtalar articular surface in dried specimens and its clinical significance

作　　者：赵四可 夏章容 钟小康 王定宣 Zhao Sike;Xia Zhangrong;Zhong Xiaokang;Wang Dingxuan(School of Physical Education Health and Sports Promotion Center,Southwest Medical University,Luzhou 646000,China;Clinical Medicine Undergraduate of Grade 2018,College of Clinical Medicine,Southwest Medical University,Luzhou 646000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南医科大学体育学院健康与运动促进中心,泸州646000 [2]西南医科大学,泸州646000

出　　处：《解剖学杂志》2022年第1期52-56,共5页Chinese Journal of Anatomy

基　　金：四川品铠医疗科技有限公司资助项目(YK2020A01)。

摘　　要：目的:分析干燥标本距下关节面的解剖学形态特点,并比较不同形态关节面的解剖学参数,为预防下肢运动损伤和治疗跟骨骨折提供解剖学依据。方法:选取本校人体解剖学教研室人体干燥右跟骨标本,根据距下关节前、中、后3个关节面的融合与分离程度进行分型。测量不同类型跟骨3个关节面的长轴之和、短轴之和、跟骨Gissane角、Bohler角及后关节面倾斜角。结果:根据3个关节面的融合与分离程度,可将跟骨距下关节分为4种类型(Ⅰ~Ⅳ型)。其中Ⅱ型最为常见,且前、中关节面面积与后关节面的面积比例最大;Ⅲ型最少见;Ⅳ型前、中关节面面积与后关节面的面积比例最小。在其他解剖学参数方面,Ⅳ型的长轴之和明显小于其他类型,差异具有统计学意义;Ⅰ型的短轴之和大于其他型别,差异具有统计学意义;Ⅲ型的Gissane角小于其他型别,差异具有统计学意义;4种类型在Bohler角无明显区别;Ⅱ型的后关节面倾斜角明显大于其他类型,差异具有统计学意义。结论:距下关节面可分为4种类型,不同类型的受力特点和形态学特征存在差异,在预防下肢运动损伤和临床治疗跟骨骨折方面具有重要意义。Objective:To analyze the anatomical characteristics of the subtalar articular surface of dried specimen and compare the anatomical parameters of different morphological articular surfaces,so as to provide anatomical basis for the prevention of lower limb sports injuries and the treatment of calcaneal fractures.Methods:One hundred and seventy-seven dry calcaneus specimens were selected from the Department of Human Anatomy of our school,and were classified by the degree of fusion and separation of the anterior,middle,posterior articular surfaces of the subtalar joint.The long axis sum and the short axis sum of the three articular surfaces,the Bohler’s angle,Gissane’s angle and the tilt angle of the posterior articular surface of different types of calcaneus were measured.Results:According to the degree of fusion and separation of the three articular surfaces,the calcaneal subtalar joints could be divided into four types(typeⅠto typeⅣ).Among them,typeⅡwas the most common,and the ratio of the area of the anterior and middle articular surface to the posterior articular surface was the largest.TypeⅢhad fewer cases.In typeⅣ,the ratio of the area of the anterior and middle articular surface to the posterior articular surface was the smallest.In terms of other anatomical parameters,the sum of long axis of typeⅣwas significantly smaller than that of other types.The sum of the short axis of type I was greater significantly than other types.The Gissane’s angle of typeⅢwas smaller significantly than other types.There was no obvious difference between the four types in Bohler’s angle.The tilt angle of the posterior articular surface of typeⅡwas significantly greater than other types.Conclusion:The subtalar articular surface can be divided into four types,and the different types of force characteristics and morphological characteristics are mutative,which are of great significance in preventing lower limb sports injuries and clinical treatment of calcaneal fractures.

关 键 词：干燥标本 距下关节面 解剖学 运动损伤 跟骨骨折 

分 类 号：R322.72[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]