宗教理性选择理论:经济隐喻还是理论建模?  

The Rational Choice Theory of Religion:Economic Metaphor or Theoretical Modeling?

作　　者：吴越[1] 卢云峰[1] Wu Yue;Lu Yunfeng(Department of Sociology,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系

出　　处：《开放时代》2022年第1期166-181,M0007,共17页Open Times

摘　　要：宗教理性选择理论作为一种新范式,在社会学界引起了诸多讨论和争议。最常见的批评之一可以概括为"隐喻论",即认为它只是借用一些经济隐喻作为修辞策略,但对宗教研究没有实质性贡献。这是一种误解。隐喻论忽视了宗教理性选择理论的理论建模,即利用规范语言建立简约明晰的理论模型的方法。本文展现了宗教理性选择理论在微观、中观、宏观层次的理论建模,以此说明宗教理性选择理论在各个层次都不是隐喻,而是致力于用理论模型整合前人洞见并启发后续研究,从而推动一个研究领域内一般性知识体系的积累。对于中国宗教研究来说,我们不应只关注宗教理性选择理论现有的结论,而应该借鉴它的理论建模来构建适合于中国的理论模型。The most common criticism of the Rational Choice Theory of Religion(RCTR)may be summarized as“the argument of metaphor”which holds that RCTR has only borrowed some economic metaphors as a kind of rhetoric tactic,and has made no substantial contribution to the study of religion.The fallacy of this argument is that it has neglected the theoretical modeling of RCTR which is a method of using formal language to build concise and clear theoretical models.This paper presents the theoretical modeling of RCTR at the micro,meso and macro levels so as to show that RCTR is not a metaphor at all these levels,but is committed to integrating the insights of previous researchers and enlightening subsequent studies with theoretical models,thereby promoting the accumulation of general knowledge in this given field.For the study of Chinese religion,we should not only pay attention to the existing conclusions of RCTR,but should also learn from its theoretical modeling to build theoretical models suitable for China.

关 键 词：宗教理性选择理论 经济隐喻 理论建模 规范模型 

分 类 号：B920[哲学宗教—宗教学]