苏州市某社区居家老年人跌倒危险因素分析  

Analysis of the Risk Factors of Falls among the Elderly at Home in a Community in Suzhou

作　　者：李顺 王兰 王枫 吴茵[3] LI Shun;WANG Lan;WANG Feng;WU Yin(Canglangxincheng Community Health Service Center,Wumenqiao Street,Gusu District,Suzhou,215000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]苏州市姑苏区吴门桥街道沧浪新城社区卫生服务中心,江苏苏州215000 [2]苏州市姑苏区沧浪街道三香社区卫生服务中心,江苏苏州215000 [3]苏州大学附属第一医院,江苏苏州215000

出　　处：《中国社会医学杂志》2022年第1期81-84,共4页Chinese Journal of Social Medicine

基　　金：江苏省科技厅重点研发计划-重大科技示范项目(BE2019674);教育部社会科学司项目(20YJCZH088);苏州市科教兴卫青年科技基金项目(KJXW2017052);苏州市重大疾病、传染病预防和控制关键技术(研究)基金项目(GWZX201802)。

摘　　要：目的探讨苏州市某社区居家老年人跌倒现状及危险因素,为社区跌倒预防工作提供参考。方法采用方便抽样的方法,于2018年4—7月选取苏州市某社区60岁及以上居家养老的375名老年人为研究对象,采用Logistic回归模型分析跌倒的危险因素。结果65名居家老年人在一年内发生过跌倒,发生率为17.33%,午饭后到晚饭间是老年人跌倒的高峰时间段(49.23%),住所外跌倒发生率高于住所内,家中跌倒以卫生间最多(43.48%),公共场合跌倒以楼梯过道最多(38.09%)。多因素分析结果显示,使用抗抑郁药物(OR=10.67)、视力障碍(OR=2.69)、既往跌倒史(OR=9.18)、肌力下降(OR=4.06)、骨密度T值≤-2.5(OR=14.75)是导致跌倒的独立危险因素,与家人同住(OR=0.42)和卫生间使用防滑垫(OR=0.01)是其保护因素。结论苏州市该社区居家老年人跌倒发生率较高,对独居、视力障碍、肌力下降、长期服用抗抑郁药物及骨密度下降的老人,应加强跌倒防护,以减少居家老年人跌倒发生。Objective To explore the risk factors of falls among the elderly in a community of Suzhou,and to provide reference for community fall prevention.Methods A convenient sampling method was used to select 375 elderly people over 60 years old in a community of Suzhou from April to July in 2018.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of falls.Results 65 elderly people at home fell within one year,the incidence rate was 17.3%.The peak time of falls was from lunch to dinner room(49.23%).The incidence of falls outside the residence was higher than that in the residence.The most common fall was in the toilet(43.48%),and the most common fall in public places was in the stairway(38.09%).Multivariate analysis showed that antidepressants(OR=10.67),visual impairment(OR=2.69),previous fall history(OR=9.18),decreased muscle strength(OR=4.06),t value of bone mineral density≤-2.5(OR=14.75)were independent risk factors for falls,while living with family members(OR=0.42)and using non slip mat in toilet(OR=0.01)were protective factors.Conclusion There is a high incidence of falls among the elderly in a community in Suzhou.For the elderly who live alone,have visual impairment,muscle strength decline,take antidepressant drugs for a long time,and their bone mineral density decreases,we should strengthen the fall prevention to reduce the incidence of falls in the elderly at home.

关 键 词：老年人 跌倒 社区 危险因素 

分 类 号：R212.7[医药卫生—中医学] R161.7