突发公共卫生事件中谣言的产生机理和因应策略——基于一个历史比较和社会心理分析的视角  

The Mechanism and Countermeasures of Rumors in Public Health Emergencies Based on a Perspective for Historical Comparison and Social Psychological Analysis

作　　者：魏巍 于惠玲[2] Wei Wei;Yu Huiling

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学政治与行政学院,天津300387 [2]天津师范大学马克思主义学院,天津300387

出　　处：《上海行政学院学报》2022年第1期87-98,共12页The Journal of Shanghai Administration Institute

基　　金：天津市哲学社会科学规划项目“增强新时代中国特色社会主义意识形态引领力研究”(TJBXGJ-005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：突发公共卫生事件期间,谣言的蔓延既容易引发社会性恐慌,又有损于政府公信力,极大地影响了疫情的整体性治理。阻遏谣言不能简单依靠多元主体参与"辟谣",而需要洞察谣言作为群体性无意识活动背后的社会心理诉求和意识形态表达。整理汇集"2020新冠肺炎""2003非典型肺炎""1910东北鼠疫"和"1894粤港澳鼠疫"期间流行的谣言,通过建立一个历史比较的框架,分析和解释重大疫情谣言规律性重现的原因,即谣言的产生是公众世界观秩序被扰乱后的慌忙重构、公众意识形态的集体具象化和公众渴望深度介入公共事务的表达。鉴于此,谣言的治理必须建立在对谣言随疫情变化规律的掌握上,设置预防性前置性的工作机制,综合运用多渠道多机制进行防治。During public health emergencies,the spread of rumors is not only easy to cause social panic,but also detrimental to the credibility of the government,greatly affecting the overall management of the epidemic.The suppression of rumors cannot simply rely on“refuting rumors”which multiple subjects join in,but requires insight into the social psychological demands and ideological expression behind rumors as a group of unconscious activities.This article collates and collects the rumors that prevailed during the period of“2020 New Coronavirus”,“2003 SARS Pneumonia”,“1910 Northeast Plague”and“1894 Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao Plague”.It attempts to analyze and explain the reasons for the regular recurrence of rumors during the major epidemics by establishing a historical comparative framework,namely,the emergence of rumors is the hasty reconstruction after the public world outlook order is disturbed,the collective concretization of public ideology and the expression of public desire to deeply intervene in public affairs.In view of this,the management of rumors must be based on the control of the change law of the relationship between rumors and epidemic situation,setting up preventive pre-existing working mechanism,and comprehensively using multi-channel and multi-mechanism for prevention and control.

关 键 词：突发公共卫生事件 谣言 产生机理 历史比较 社会心理 

分 类 号：G206.3[文化科学—传播学]