新疆阿勒泰地区青铜—早期铁器时代居民生业模式研究——以骨骼同位素为依据  

The Subsistence Strategy of the Residents in the Bronze-early Iron Age Altay Region and Its Implications--Evidence from Bone Stable Isotopes

作　　者：董惟妙 安成邦[2,3] 于建军 陈晓露[5] Dong Weimiao;An Chengbang;Yu Jianjun;Chen Xiaolu

机构地区：[1]复旦大学文物与博物馆学系&科技考古研究院 [2]兰州大学资源环境学院 [3]兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室 [4]新疆维吾尔自治区文物考古研究所 [5]中国人民大学历史学院

出　　处：《西域研究》2022年第1期45-54,170,共11页The Western Regions Studies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“新疆东天山地区青铜—铁器时代居民同位素食谱重建及生业模式”(项目编号:41701215);国家社会科学重大项目“欧亚视野下的早期中国文明化进程研究”(项目编号:18ZDA172);中华文明探源研究(2019~2022)“中华文明起源进程中的生业资源与技术研究”(项目编号:2020YFC1521606)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：人和动物骨骼中的碳、氮稳定同位素能够有效区分其食谱中粟黍和麦类作物的贡献程度,以及肉类蛋白的摄入水平,进而探究不同文化人群的迁移过程和生业模式。先前的研究认为,进入早期铁器时代,欧亚大陆内部先民才开始更多地食用粟黍。为了探究阿勒泰地区史前居民食物构成和生业模式,我们分析了阿勒泰地区青铜—早期铁器时代4处墓地出土的动物和人骨碳、氮稳定同位素,发现本地区青铜—早期铁器时代先民普遍大量摄入肉类蛋白,食谱中粟黍来源食物的比重整体偏低。结合本区域作物生长积温要求和过去气候重建结果,我们认为:阿勒泰地区气候条件不利于发展粟黍农业。早期铁器时代,人群大规模的流动可能促进了粟黍类作物在整个欧亚大陆人群食谱中的流行。Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic analyses of bones can effectively distinguish the contribution of C4 crops(e.g.foxtail and broomcorn millets)from C3 crops(e.g.wheat and barley)in animal and human diets,and evaluate the intake of animal protein.Previous research has proposed an increasing consumption of millets by Eurasia inland residents only after the beginning of the early Iron Age.In this paper,we present the stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic results of animal and human bones unearthed from four cemeteries in the Altay region from the Bronze to early Iron Age,and explore the dietary composition and subsistence strategies of prehistoric residents in this region.Data results show that during the Bronze and early Iron Age,the residents in this area might have consumed animal protein in large quantities whereas the proportion of C4 plants in their diets was generally low.Integrating evidence from palaeo-environment and the accumulated temperature requirement of millet growth,the local environment seemed unfavorable for the development of millet agriculture in the Altay region.It is thus speculated that the large-scale movement of people in the early Iron Age might have promoted the popularity of millet consumption across Eurasia.

关 键 词：新疆 阿勒泰地区 同位素 古食谱 生业模式 青铜—早期铁器时代 

分 类 号：K871.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]