吐鲁番出土契约中“名指人+边”的来源与形成  

The Origin and Formation of“Nouns Referring to People+Bian(边)”in Contracts Unearthed in Turpan

作　　者：丁爱玲 Ding Ailing(Faculty of Linguistic Sciences,Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学语言科学院,北京100083

出　　处：《现代语文》2022年第2期11-17,共7页Modern Chinese

基　　金：北京语言大学研究生创新基金项目暨中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“吐鲁番出土汉文文书中的几个特殊语法现象”(21YCX119)。

摘　　要：位于指人名词后的“边”集中见于吐鲁番出土契约,这类“边”性质上是处所词,功能上表示指人名词所指称实体的区域投射。经考察发现,“名指人+边”最初多见于东汉译经,发展于中古译经。这类“边”的形成经历了一个历时演变和语义泛化的过程,“边”最初位于普通名词后,表示物体关系部分;随着“边”前的普通名词变为处所名词,后附于该名词的“边”也带上了处所义,它从表示某事物的边缘部分进一步引申指称该事物边缘以外的面积。“边”逐渐脱离关系范畴,进入空间区域范畴。“边”作为处所词的用法固化后,也可用于定位以指人名词为核心的区域,此时的“边”也逐渐发展成一个泛用的处所标记。The“bian(边)”,which is located after the nouns referring to people,is mainly found in the contracts unearthed in Turpan.This kind of“bian(边)”is a locative word in nature and expresses the regional projection of the entity referred to by the nouns referring to people in function.After investigation,it is found that“Nouns referring to people+‘bian(边)’”in contracts unearthed in Turpan was first used in Chinese translated eastern Han buddhist sutra,but developed in Chinese translated middle ancient buddhist sutra.The formation of this kind of“bian(边)”has gone through a process of diachronic evolution and semantic extension.At first,“bian(边)”is located after a common noun,which indicates the relationship between objects.As the common noun before“bian(边)”becomes a locative noun,the“bian(边)”attached to the noun also takes on the locative meaning.“Bian(边)”further refers to the area beyond the edge of something from the edge of the thing,“bian(边)”gradually separated from the category of relationship and entered the category of spatial region.“Bian(边)”as a locative word,can also be used to locate the area with the person noun as the core.At this time,“bian(边)”has gradually developed into a general locational mark.

关 键 词：吐鲁番 出土契约 “边” 处所词 语义泛化 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]