窄牙槽嵴牙种植手术的研究进展  

Research Progress of Narrow Alveolar Ridge Dental Implantation

作　　者：范旭东 寇霓 李武伟[1] FAN Xudong;KOU Ni;LI Wuwei(Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Stomatology College of Dalian Medical University,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]大连医科大学口腔医学院附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《医学综述》2022年第4期754-760,共7页Medical Recapitulate

摘　　要：炎症破坏和生理性吸收均可导致牙齿拔除后牙槽骨明显萎缩形成窄牙槽嵴,严重影响后期种植体的正常植入。随着口腔种植技术的发展,目前已有多种手术方案可解决牙槽嵴水平向骨量不足的问题,包括引导骨再生术、骨劈开术和自体骨移植术等骨增量技术,但术中和术后并发症以及其他危险因素仍难以避免。钛锆合金在口腔种植材料中的应用拓展了窄直径种植体的适应证。因此,在窄牙槽嵴患者种植术中,临床医师更倾向于选择窄直径种植体。窄直径种植体的应用虽可简化复杂的种植手术,但其长期稳定性仍需进一步研究。The damage of inflammation and physiological absorption lead invariably to atrophy of the residual alveolar ridge and cause narrow alveolar ridge,which seriously affects the normal implantation of implants in the later stage.With the development of oral implantation,many methods have been developed to solve the problem of insufficient horizontal bone of alveolar ridge,such as guided bone regeneration,bone splitting and autologous bone graft.However,intraoperative and postoperative complications and other risk factors are still difficult to avoid.The use of titanium-zirconium alloys in oral implants has expanded the indications for narrow-diameter implants.Therefore,clinicians prefer to choose narrow-diameter implants for the patients with narrow alveolar ridge.Although the application of narrow-diameter implants simplifies the complex implant surgery,its long-term stability still needs further studies.

关 键 词：窄牙槽嵴 引导骨再生 骨劈开 自体骨移植 窄直径种植体 

分 类 号：R783.6[医药卫生—口腔医学]