西方户外运动研究进展:历程、内涵与议题  

Research progress of Western outdoor sports: development, connotation and issues

作　　者：陈昆仑[1,2] 李璞 刘小琼 牛小洪 CHEN Kunlun;LI Pu;LIU Xiaoqiong;NIU Xiaohong(School of Physical Education,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;China Institute of Mountaineering and Outdoor Sports,Wuhan 430074,China;School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)体育学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国登山户外运动学院,湖北武汉430074 [3]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《山东体育学院学报》2021年第6期42-51,共10页Journal of Shandong Sport University

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助项目(21JHQ093)。

摘　　要：基于西方文献的搜集和整理,对户外运动的发展历程、内涵辨析以及主要研究议题三个方面进行了辨析。研究发现:(1)西方户外运动的发展历程主要经历了以下几个阶段:因探险、科考兴起-二战后普及-大众户外运动发展-户外竞技运动发展-户外教育发展。(2)西方户外运动的内涵随着其普及程度的加深朝着综合化方向发展,通过自然环境论、字面释义论、目的中心论和综合论四个视角对其内涵进行解析,发现户外运动从兴起之初仅强调身体锻炼功能,到普及后强调休闲游憩功能,再到教育功能被强调,其内涵不断得到发展和延伸。(3)随着社会经济的快速发展,“人”的更深层次的精神需求被关注,户外运动的相关议题逐渐由身体层面转向心理层面,继而转向事关特定群体、特定事件的更多个性化问题,其中主要包含户外运动与健康、户外运动与教育、户外运动与社会经济以及户外运动与公共安全等四个方面。Based on the collection and organization of foreign literature,this paper reviews the connotation,development,and main research topics of outdoor sports.It is concluded that:(1)The development history of outdoor sports in the Western world has gone through the following stages:spring up due to expedition and scientific research post-World War II popularity;the development of popular outdoor sports;the development of competitive outdoor sports;and the development of outdoor education.(2)With the deepening of its popularity,the connotation of Western outdoor sports is developing in the direction of integration.This paper analyzes the connotation of outdoor sports from four perspectives:natural environment theory,literal interpretation theory,goal-centered theory,and comprehensive theory.It is found that the connotation of outdoor sports has been emphasized from the beginning of its rise only for the function of leisure and recreation after popularization,and then for the function of education.Its connotation has been continuously developed and extended.(3)With the rapid development of social economy,people's deeper spiritual needs have been concerned,and issues related to outdoor sports have gradually shifted from the physical level to the psychological level,and then to more personalized issues related to specific groups and events,mainly focused on outdoor sports and health,outdoor sports and education,outdoor sports and social economy as well as outdoor sports and public safety.

关 键 词：户外运动 内涵辨析 发展历程 主要议题 西方研究 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]