环境民事公益诉讼中司法权扩张的制度困境与控制路径  

Institutional Dilemma and Control Path of Judicial Power Expansion in Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation

作　　者：栾志红[1] LUAN Zhihong(Law School,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijingl00044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学法学院,北京100044

出　　处：《昆明理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期1-9,共9页Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题“检察机关提起公益诉讼工作机制研究”(GJ2017B05);国家铁路局课题计划“铁路运输条例立法支撑服务”(KFJF-2021-0400)。

摘　　要：中国环境民事公益诉讼的典型特征是司法权居于主导地位。这种情形可能面临着制度困境:一是与环境宪法的要求不相符合。一般认为,中国宪法将生态环境保护作为国家目标予以设定。作为国家目标的环境宪法条款注重发挥立法权和行政权在生态环境保护中的功能优势。二是削弱了环境行政诉讼的作用。在一些环境民事公益诉讼案件中,污染者的侵权行为也具有行政违法性,行政机关是否合法地履行了监管职责以及与之相关的行政诉讼问题被忽略了。从域外经验来看,环境民事公益诉讼一般由法律明确规定,司法权的扩张受到严格控制。为了化解上述困境,借鉴域外经验:一是应落实环境宪法对所有国家机关的规范效力;二是应充分发挥环境行政诉讼的作用,有些环境民事公益诉讼案件通过环境行政诉讼解决更为适宜。The Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation(ECPIL) in China is characterized by the fact that judicial power is dominant. This situation may face institutional dilemmas. First, it is inconsistent with the requirements of the environmental constitution. It is generally believed that Constitution of People’s Republic of China sets ecological and environmental protection as a national goal, and thus the articles of environmental constitution focus on the functional advantages of the legislature and executive in ecological environmental protection. Second, it weakens the role of environmental administrative litigation. In some ECPIL cases, although torts of the polluters are also administrative illegal, whether the executives have legally performed their regulatory duties and relevant administrative litigation has been ignored. Judging from overseas experience, ECPIL is generally clearly defined by law, and the expansion of judicial power is strictly controlled. It is necessary to emphasize that the normative effect of environmental constitution on all state organs should be implemented. In addition, we should give full play to the role of environmental administrative litigation, through which certain ECPIL cases can be properly solved.

关 键 词：环境民事公益诉讼 司法权扩张 制度困境 控制路径 环境宪法 环境行政诉讼 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学] D922.68[政治法律—法学]