战国楚简公文书人名记写形式论议——兼与秦简记名的比较  

A Discussion of the Form of Noting Names in the Official Documents in Chu Bamboo Slips During the Period of the Warring States:Also a Comparison with Noting Names in Qin Bamboo Slips

作　　者：张淑一[1] 明镜 ZHANG Shu-yi;MING Jing(School of History and Culture,South China Normal University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510631,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学历史文化学院,广东广州510631

出　　处：《史学集刊》2022年第2期91-98,共8页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“战国楚简姓氏人名资料的整理与研究”(15BZS036)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：战国楚、秦简公文书在人名记写上都表现出某些一般性的规律。《包山楚简》公文书人名记写包括某地之人+姓名、某人之人+姓名、某官+姓名、某族+名、某人之子+名、某人之奴、某王之+名、某客+姓名、单称官职、单称封号诸种形式。不同的记名方式区分了个体,同时进行了社会分类。楚简公文人名记写有省略情形,包括省略属地信息、省略姓氏、案件审理者自署名的省略和无规律省略。楚简中还有提示人名的符号。楚简公文记名对多数人都记姓和名,秦简则多记名而不称姓,只在特殊情况下另外加姓作为补充。楚简人名记写习惯可能承自周人制度,与秦简相比,更有利于达到识别个体的目的,以及保证公文作为行政工具的效率。The official documents of Chu and Qin Bamboo Slips in the period of the Warring States show some general rules in the writing of names.The Chu Bamboo Slips are represented by Baoshan(包山)Chu Bamboo Slips,while the Qin Bamboo Slips are represented by Liye(里耶)and Yuelu(岳麓)Qin Bamboo Slips.The noting of names in the official documents of Baoshan Chu Bamboo Slips includes different styles including a certain place plus name,a certain person’s subordinate plus name,an official position plus name,a family plus name,a certain person’s son plus name,somebody’s slave,a certain king’s plus name,guests plus name,an official position only or titles only,etc.Different naming methods not only distinguish individuals,but also carry out social classification.In contrast,there are different forms of omission in noting names in the official documents of Chu Bamboo Slips,including the omissions of territorial information,surnames,omission of the judge’s signature of a case and some other irregular omissions.There are also some symbols to indicate the names of people in in the Chu Bamboo Slips,which means attention was paid to the names in the official documents to some extent at that time.Noting names in the official document of Chu Bamboo Slips records the surnames and given names of most people,while Qin Bamboo Slips mostly records private names instead of surnames,which is only added as a supplement in special cases.The habit of recording names in the official documents of Chu Bamboo Slips may have been inherited from the system of the Zhou Dynasty.Compared with Qin Bamboo Slips,it is more conducive to achieve the purpose of identifying individuals and ensure the efficiency of official documents as administrative tools.

关 键 词：包山楚简 秦简 记名 姓氏 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K231[历史地理—历史学]