制度变迁与权力竞合:党组织融入企业管理的初期尝试——以改革前工业小说为资料  

Institutional Change and Power Competition and Cooperation: An Initial Attempt to Integrate Party Organization into Enterprise Management: Based on the Industrial Novels Before the Reform

作　　者：林盼[1] Lin Pan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所,北京100836

出　　处：《学海》2022年第1期160-170,共11页Academia Bimestris

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“新时期产业工人技能形成的经济社会学研究”(项目号:18BSH099);中国社会科学院国情调研重大项目“浦东新区打造社会主义现代化建设引领区调研”(项目号:GQZD2022006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：对于企业的管理方式和运作机制,尤其是对改革开放之前的国企如何坚持党的领导、推进日常生产,既有的研究还较为欠缺,导致这一时期的企业管理状况如同"黑箱",相关论述多停留在表面,未能深入其中。本文借鉴格申克龙的研究方法,采用工业小说作为资料,深入探讨改革开放之前的企业管理问题。研究发现,党委领导下的厂长负责制建立之后,党组织在企业中话语权得以提升,打破了原有的生产秩序。由于党政分工的界限不清晰,权责上相互交织的局面时常出现,因此如何分配党政领导的权力,成为"大跃进"时期企业管理面临的重大问题。工业小说突出展现了企业管理层的权力竞合与自上而下的纵向关系网络的两种现象,细致呈现了制度变迁对企业管理体系产生的冲击,企业管理层、技术人员、普通工人等均受到这一冲击的影响,由此形成了理念与实践上的差异。The lacking of existing research on the management mode and operation mechanism of enterprises, especially on how to adhere to the party’s leadership and carry out daily production of state-owned enterprises before the reform and opening up, leaves enterprise management in this period as a "black box", and the relevant discussions stay on the surface and fail to go deeper. Based on Gerschenkron’s research method and using industrial novels as materials, this paper discusses the enterprise management mechanism before the reform and opening up. The study found that after the establishment of the factory director responsibility system under the leadership of the Party committee, the voice of the party organization in the enterprise has been improved, which has broken the original production order. Because the boundary of the division of labor between the party and government is not clear, there is often an intertwined situation. How to distribute the power among the party and government administrative leaders has become a major problem faced by enterprise management in the "great leap forward" period. In the industrial novel, the impact of institutional change on the enterprise management system is presented in detail, especially the two phenomena of power competition and cooperation of enterprise management and top-down vertical relationship network. The enterprise management, technicians and ordinary workers are affected by this impact, resulting in the disparity between concept and practice.

关 键 词：工业小说 党委领导 企业管理 制度变迁 权力竞合 

分 类 号：F272[经济管理—企业管理] D267.1[经济管理—国民经济]