证明对象的基本法理与中国问题  

Basic Rationale on Object of Proof and Chinese Problems

作　　者：周洪波[1] Zhou Hongbo

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学法学院

出　　处：《江海学刊》2022年第1期169-177,256,共10页Jianghai Academic Journal

摘　　要：证明对象是诉讼证明活动的聚焦点。此聚焦点是否明晰,决定着诉讼证明活动是否能够得到合理有效展开。法律要件事实构造与诉讼认知构造是形塑证明对象的基本因素。从第一个维度来看,法律要件事实作为证明对象具有指向特定性、初步指引性、局部性、复数性和细分性等特征。从第二个维度来看,基于诉讼认知的推理构造,证明对象可以分为基础性的法律要件事实与派生性(或证据性)的待证事实、待证事理。基于诉讼认知的制度构造,即诉讼模式的不同以及对证明标准、证明责任等的不同规定,对法律要件事实被纳入证明对象的范围及其分类也有相应的不同要求。以此观照,我国在证明对象的理论研究和实践认知方面存在着一些问题。Object of proof is the focus of litigious proof. Whether litigious proof can be conducted reasonably and effectively depends on whether this focus is clear. Structure of constitutive elements and structure of litigious cognition are the basic elements in determining the object of proof. From the former perspective,constitutive elements as objects of proof have the following features: specifically targeted,guiding,plural and divided in depth. From the latter perspective,based on the reasoning process of litigious cognition,objects of proof can be divided into basic constitutive elements,derived objects of proof,and arguments to be proved. Based on different cognitive systems,or,based on different litigation modes and different theories on standard of proof and burden of proof,there should be different standards on constitutive elements of objects of proof. Considering the above,many problems still exist in relative Chinese theories and legal practice.

关 键 词：证明对象 法律要件事实构造 诉讼认知构造 中国问题 

分 类 号：D915[政治法律—诉讼法学]