可行的社会与理想的社会——“新斯密问题”的一个解读视角  

Feasible Society and Ideal Society——An Interpreting Perspective on“The New Adam Smith Problem”

作　　者：王长刚 罗卫东[1] Wang Changgang;Luo Weidong(School of Economics,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学经济学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2022年第3期12-19,33,156,共10页Zhejiang Social Sciences

摘　　要：斯密对《道德情感论》第六版所作大幅修改被视为晚年的重要思想转变,由此衍生出关于其思想在"1759—1776—1790"间发展的"新斯密问题"。对主要文本的梳理表明,斯密区分了"可行的社会"与"理想的社会"。在《道德情感论》第一版和《国富论》中,斯密以人类天性中的同情共感秉性和交换倾向为核心原理,解释了人类社会的基本运行机制,以及商业社会如何带来社会的繁荣与公平。斯密也逐渐认识到商业社会中社会成员并不幸福,这只是一个次优的可行选择。通过《道德情感论》第六版中的大幅修订,斯密将第一版中的同情共感机制立体化,探索建设一个繁荣幸福的理想社会的可能路径。理想社会虽然更值得追求,但能否实现却是未定的。"新斯密问题"仍然可以在斯密的整体思想框架内作出解释,体现了其思想的发展与深化。It has been proposed that the thought of Adam Smith underwent a substantial change in his late years,as indicated by the extensive additions and revision in the sixth edition of The Theory of Moral Sentiments.This change has been termed"The New Adam Smith Problem"to distinguishing it from traditional"Das Adam Smith Problem."An analysis of Smith’s major texts shows that Smith implicitly draw a distinction between"feasible society"and"ideal society".In the first edition of The Theory of Moral Sentiments and Wealth of Nations,Smith deciphered the mechanism of commercial society mainly through the principle of sympathy and propensity to exchange in human nature.This decipherment meanwhile was also an apology for commercial society.Afterwards Smith gradually had become conscious of that commercial society was just a feasible second-best choice,which promoted merely the prosperity and equity rather than happiness of society.Through the additions and revision in the sixth edition of The Theory of Moral Sentiments,Smith added a new vertical dimension to the horizontal mechanism of sympathy in the first edition,by which he explored approaches to building a happy and ideal society.According to Smith’s solution,the feasibility of this ideal society was uncertain,though it is much more desirable."The New Adam Smith Problem"could be explained reasonably within the framework of Adam Smith’s theoretical system.It just demonstrates the development and refinement of Smith’s theory.

关 键 词：新斯密问题 同情共感机制 商业社会 可行的社会 理想的社会 

分 类 号：B82-053[哲学宗教—伦理学] F091.3[经济管理—政治经济学]