母语语序对大学生思维的影响:关于沃尔夫假说的实证研究  

Influence word order of first language on college students’mind An empirical study on Wholf hypothesis

作　　者：吴宇仑 鲁鹏 WU Yulun;LU Peng(Department of Linguistics,The University of Hong Kong,HongKong 999077,China)

机构地区：[1]香港大学语言学系,999077

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2022年第2期314-318,共5页China Journal of Health Psychology

摘　　要：目的:探讨粤语和普通话不同的语序对以这两种语言为母语的大学生对概念的思维方式是否存在影响。方法:采用在线加工的图词匹配范式,对以10名香港大学粤语母语大学生组成的控制组和以10名香港大学普通话母语大学生组成的对照组进行行为实验,要求两组被试根据听到的粤语或普通话单词以按键反应的形式选择合适的图片,记录两组被试的反应时间。结果:控制组判断图片中动物性别的速度与对照组之间存在显著差异(F=19.883,P<0.001),并且控制组平均反应时间高于对照组(1550ms>1176ms);控制组判断图片中动物物种的平均反应时间虽然小于对照组(920ms<1036ms),但两组之间的反应时间不存在显著差异(F=3.522,P=0.077)。相关分析的结果显示,无论对于控制组还是对照组而言,对图片中动物性别的反应速度和对图片中动物物种的反应速度均为正相关(控制组:r=0.618,P<0.001;对照组:r=0.351,P<0.05)。结论:母语为粤语的大学生在判断图片中动物的性别时的速度比母语为非粤语的大学生的速度慢,母语为粤语的大学生在判断图片中动物的物种时的速度与母语为非粤语的大学生相比无明显差别。实验结果部分证明了沃尔夫假说,即母语的语序对大学生的思维有一定的影响。Objective:To explore influence of different word orders between Cantonese and Putonghua to mind of college students whose mother tongues are these two language.Methods:An online experiment in graph-word matching paradigm was conducted.Control group(including 10 Cantonese-speaking college students)and contrast group(including 10 Putonghua-speaking college students)were asked to hear some words and needed to choose correct graphs.The reaction times were recorded.Results:There was a significant difference between the control group and the contrast group(F=19.88,P<0.001)when distinguishing gender of animals in graphs,and the average reaction time of the control group was higher than that of the contrast group(1550 ms>1176 ms);Although the average reaction time of contrast group was lower than that of control group in distinguishing species of animals in graphs(920 ms<1036 ms),but there was no significant difference(P>0.05).According to correlation analysis,for both two groups,reaction times in distinguishing gender and in distinguishing species were in positive correlation(control group:r=0.618,P<0.001;contrast group:r=0.351,P<0.05).Conclusion:Native Cantonese-speaking students preform worse than native Putonghua-speaking students in distinguishing gender of animals,whereas there is no difference between native Cantonese-speaking students and native Putonghua-speaking students in distinguishing species of animal.This result partly supports Whorf hypothesis,that is,the word order in mother tongues has some influence in mind of native speakers.

关 键 词：沃尔夫假说 语言相对论 母语语序 思维方式 

分 类 号：R395.9[哲学宗教—心理学]