从哲学人类学看语言的发生学  

The Genealogy of Language from a Viewpoint of Philosophical Anthropology

作　　者：邓晓芒[1] DENG Xiao-mang(School of Philosophy,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学哲学学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《学习与探索》2022年第2期1-10,185,共11页Study & Exploration

摘　　要：语言作为人的本质属性,其起源只有从人类生产劳动这一“人猿之别”的起点中才能得到解释。尤其要注意的是,人类生产劳动除了制造和使用工具之外,还有一个重要的本质特点就是随身携带工具,它使得工具作为一件自然物品具有了人的“延长的手”的性质,使自然和人、个人与群体处于既同一、又不同的自否定的辩证关系中。这一结构内化为人的心理结构,就成了人类语言(手势语和言语)的起源,并导致人的语言具有自否定的“递归性”,成为社会交往的普遍媒介。这也是人类自我意识的物我同一、人我同一的根据,它从哲学人类学的高度解释了实证的人类学所无法解释的许多难题。The origin of language as essential attribute of human beings could only be properly explained from human productive labor,the exact starting point of the“difference between men and apes”.Besides producing and using tools,it is carrying tools with themselves that constitutes another important basic characteristic of human productive labor.Carrying tools turns a tool as something natural into humanly“extended hand”and consequently puts nature and man,individual and group into a dialectical relationship of self-negation which embodies identity and difference at the same time.This dialectical structure internalizes itself into the structure of human mind,which becomes the origin of human language(both gesture and speech)and causes the“recursion”of self-negation in language.This is why human language functions as a universal media of social communications.It is the foundation for the identity of thing and mind,oneself and other in human self-consciousness as well.The genealogy of language from a viewpoint of philosophical anthropology could solve many puzzles which can not be dealt with by positive anthropology.

关 键 词：哲学人类学 携带工具 语言发生学 自否定 自我意识结构 

分 类 号：B0[哲学宗教—哲学理论]