“诸子均分”财产继承制与乡村经济社会生活变迁(1872-1948)——以清水江流域陈氏家藏三代分关文书为中心  

Property Inheriting System of Equal Division of Sons and Life Changes in Rural Economic Society(1872-1948):A Case Study of Chen’s Documents on Family Property Division in Qingshui River Basin

作　　者：张新民[1] ZHANG Xin-min

机构地区：[1]贵州大学中国文化书院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《原生态民族文化学刊》2022年第2期1-19,153,共20页Journal of Ethnic Culture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“清水江文书整理与研究”(11&ZD096)。

摘　　要：清水江流域遗存大量具有归户性特征的分关文书,乃是研究乡土社会经济文化不可多得的重要原始民间史料。白市镇对江村陈氏家藏三代连续完整的分关文书,反映了咸同兵燹后其家族经济生活变迁的一般情况,尽管表面简单的分家析产,仍涉及“诸子均分”“过继子嗣”“长子特权”“嫡庶有别”等诸多问题,均反映了乡村社会传统礼法制度及家族伦理的一般特征。其中尤值得注意者即“诸子均分”作为一种普遍的制度性原则,往往导致了地权分配或转移的分散化与零碎化,影响了土地的集中占有及阶层的社会分化,因而自耕农始终都是苗侗地方社会的主体,当地只能是小农化的土地分布与经营的社会经济形态,而非地主阶级土地所有制的社会经济形态。There are some documents on family property division left in the Qingshui River basin,which are seemed to be the valuable literature for the study related to the economy and culture in rural society. Based on the documents of Chen’s family in Jiang village of Baishi town,they reflect that the changes in economy and daily life of the Chen’s family after the wars during Emperor Xianfeng and Tongzhi period. Related to family property division literally,the documents actually contain the such problems as"equal division of sons","adopted by childless relatives","privilege of the first son",and"difference between wife-born sons and concubine-born ones",which show the common feature of traditional rules and family ethic in rural societies. In addition,as the common principle,the system of equal division of sons always lead to the scattering and fragmentation of distribution and transformation of rights,which has affected the centralized possession of lands and social differentiation in classes. Therefore,land-holding peasants have been the main subjects in Miao and Dong areas,so that the land distribution and the social economic formation are with the feature of small-scale farming,rather than land tenure of other classes.

关 键 词：清水江流域 分关文书 诸子均分 自耕农社会 经济形态 

分 类 号：C952[社会学—民族学]