“康德的空间问题”与解答——空间“先天感性形式”源于身体的宽窄直观  

“Kant’s Space Problem” and Its Solution: The Space as a Priori Form of Sensory Cognition Originates from the Intuitive Perception of Body’s Width and Narrowness

作　　者：文兴吾[1] WEN Xingwu

机构地区：[1]四川省社会科学院哲学与文化研究所,四川成都610072

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2022年第2期126-134,共9页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目“批判与重建:辩证位移运动观研究”(19FZXB083)。

摘　　要：康德在《纯粹理性批判》一书中提出:人类的全部认识过程都是从空间和时间这两种先天直观形式开始的。康德的空间观"哥白尼革命",实质上是用一种人类学意义上的"绝对"来替代神学意义上的绝对。他不再根据上帝的某种属性,也不再根据我们面对的世界及其中的各种事物的秩序来构想空间,而是把空间构想为人类与世界及诸事物打交道的方式本身。随着科学的发展,康德的空间观"哥白尼革命"演变为"康德的空间问题":既然空间概念不是从外界事物或人的实践活动中抽象出来的,那么,人的空间观念及其空间概念来自什么?缘何只有从人的立场才能谈到空间、广延的存在物?20世纪40年代以来,海德格尔对空间概念的生存论解构,梅洛-庞蒂的现象空间学说,列斐伏尔的社会空间理论,基本阐明了空间观念的身体本源论思想,为"康德的空间问题"的有效解决奠定了基础。一经把"空间的身体本源论"贯彻下去,追问怎样从"人的身体实践活动空间"抽象出欧几里得几何空间,我们发现,长期以来被人们看作是关于空间属性的"宽窄"意识,本身却是决定几何空间存在的"根据";空间作为康德所谓的"先天直观形式"不再是"不可知的",它根源于身体的"宽窄直观"。With the development of science, Kant’s concept of space “Copernicus Revolution” has evolved into “Kant’s problem of space”: since the concept of space is not abstracted from external things or person’s practical activities, what does person’s concept of space and its concept come from? Why can we talk about space and extensive existence only from the standpoint of man? Since the 1940 s, Heidegger’s existential deconstruction of the concept of space, Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenal space theory and Lefebvre’s social space theory have basically clarified the body origin of the concept of space, which has laid a foundation for the effective solution of “Kant’s space problem”. Once the “body origin theory of space” is implemented,we find that the consciousness of “width and narrowness” which has been regarded as the attribute of space for a long time is the “basis” that determines the existence of geometric space;As Kant’s so-called “innate intuitive form”, space is no longer “unknowable”, which is rooted in the “width and narrowness intuition” of the body.

关 键 词：康德 空间观念 实践辩证法 空间的身体本源论 宽窄直观 

分 类 号：B505[哲学宗教—外国哲学]