陕北野生和不同栽培模式羊肚菌营养成分比较分析  

Comparative analysis of nutrients in fruiting bodies between wild and cultivated Morchellain different cultivation models

作　　者：赵瑞华[1] 贺晓龙[1] 高小朋[1] 汪飞 ZHAO Rui-hua;HE Xiao-long;GAO Xiao-peng;WANG Fei(College of Life Science,Yan an University,Yan an,Shaanxi 716000,China;Yan′an Institute of Microbiology,Yan an,Shaanxi 716000,China)

机构地区：[1]延安大学生命科学学院,陕西延安716000 [2]延安市微生物研究所,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《食品与机械》2022年第2期27-31,73,共6页Food and Machinery

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(编号:2021NY-069);延安大学科研计划项目(编号:YDY2020-27);延安市科技计划项目(编号:2020ZDYFZD-01,2020ZDYFZD-02,2020ZDYFZD-03,2020ZDYFZD-04,2019CGZH-004)。

摘　　要：目的:评估陕北野生和人工栽培羊肚菌的营养价值。方法:以陕北野生羊肚菌及驯化后以温棚、弓棚及林下3种模式栽培的羊肚菌子实体作为样品,依据国家标准通过常用方法对其营养成分进行检测分析。结果:在粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维和水分含量方面,所有人工栽培羊肚菌都比野生羊肚菌略高;并且人工栽培羊肚菌的氨基酸含量也比野生羊肚菌高,其中林下栽培羊肚菌的氨基酸配比最为合理;野生和人工栽培羊肚菌均含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸,显著高于饱和脂肪酸含量,以油酸和亚油酸为主;野生和人工栽培羊肚菌均富含矿物质元素,而野生羊肚菌的矿物质元素含量更为丰富。结论:陕北地区人工栽培羊肚菌的营养价值不低于野生羊肚菌,但栽培模式不同会略有差异。Objective: This study aimed to estimate the nutritive value of wild and cultivated Morchella in Northern Shaanxi. Methods: Morchella fruiting bodies wildly growing in Northern Shaanxi and cultivated in three models(greenhouse, plastic shed and understory) were used to analyze the difference in the main nutrition components. Results: In terms of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and water content, all cultivated Morchella were slightly higher than those in the wild. Moreover, the amino acid content of cultivated Morchella was also higher and the amino acid ratio of understory was the most reasonable. Both the wild and the cultivated were rich in unsaturated fatty acids, and the content of unsaturated fatty acids was significantly higher than that of saturated fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids were mainly oleic acid and linoleic acid. Both the wild and the cultivated were rich in mineral elements, but the content of mineral elements in the wild Morchella was more abundant. Conclusion: The nutritional value of the cultivated Morchella was not lower than that of the wild Morchella in Northern Shaanxi, but had slightly difference due to cultivation models.

关 键 词：羊肚菌 温棚 弓棚 林下 营养成分 

分 类 号：TS219[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]