光质对北细辛生长及光合生理特性的影响  

Effects of Light Quality on Growth and Photosynthetic Physiology Characteristics of Asarum heterotropoides Fr. schmidt var. mandshuricum (Maxim) kitag

作　　者：张敏 王子晴 权兴周 赵光远 张蕊 王志清 ZHANG Min;WANG Ziqing;QUAN Xingzhou;ZHAO Guangyuan;ZHANG Rui;WANG Zhiqing(College of Herbal Medicine,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun,Jilin 130118)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学中药材学院,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《北方园艺》2022年第3期107-117,共11页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：吉林省科技厅技术攻关资助项目(20190304017YY);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFC1710700);吉林省中医药管理局资助项目(L202009)。

摘　　要：以五年生北细辛(Asarum heterotropoides Fr.schmidt var.maudshuricum(Maxim)kitag)为试材,通过覆盖6种不同颜色的滤光膜形成荫棚下光质(Ⅰ~Ⅵ),以生产上常用的50%透光率黑色尼龙网下光质(Ⅶ)为对照,研究不同光质下细辛的田间表现和光合生理特性,以期为北细辛合理调光措施提供参考依据。结果表明:生长在光质Ⅵ下的北细辛植株在5-6月生长状况良好,7月中旬开始地上部逐渐枯死;生长在其它6种光质下的植株,整个生育期生长状况均良好,且增产率为63.30%_(Ⅳ)>60.00%_(Ⅴ)>56.30%_(Ⅱ)>43.30%_(Ⅰ)>35.30%_(Ⅶ)>28.30%_(Ⅲ)。光质Ⅳ和光质Ⅴ下生长的北细辛,叶片光合色素含量(PPC)、全天净光合速率(APn)平均值和比叶重(LMA)均显著高于其它5种光质(P<0.05)。在7种光质下的北细辛,其净光合速率与环境温度均呈显著负相关(P<0.05),蒸腾速率(Tr)与温度均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),净光合速率与胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)均呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。在整个生育期,光质Ⅴ下的北细辛的叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性最大;而光质Ⅳ下的叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性最大。在7月,光质Ⅵ下生长的北细辛叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于其它光质。每种光质下,随着生长时间延长,过氧化氢酶活性均呈逐渐降低的趋势,过氧化物酶活性呈升高的趋势,丙二醛含量均先升高后降低。随生长时间的延长,光质Ⅰ~Ⅲ下叶片的超氧化物歧化酶活性先升高后降低,而光质Ⅳ~Ⅶ下叶片的超氧化物歧化酶活性呈逐渐降低趋势。光质Ⅳ和光质Ⅴ有利于北细辛有机物的累积。Taking five-year-old Asarum heterotropoides Fr.schmidt var.mandshuricum(Maxim)kitag as the test materials,six optical filter colorful films and black nylon net having 50%transmittance were conducted to adjust the light quality(Ⅰ-Ⅶ)in the shed.Growing status,leaf mass per area,photosynthetic pigment content,diurnal variation of photosynthesis,protective enzyme activities and malondialdehyde of A.heterotropoides Fr.schmidt var.mandshuricum(Maxim)leaves were detected,in order to study the effect of light quality on growth and photosynthetic physiology characteristics of Asarum heterotropoides Fr.schmidt var.mandshuricum(Maxim)kitag.The results showed that under light qualityⅥ,plants grew well from May to June only and the leaves began to wither gradually in mid July,however,plants grew well in the every growth stages under other light quality conditions and yield increasing rate was 63.30%_(Ⅳ)>60.00%_(Ⅴ)>56.30%_(Ⅱ)>43.30%_(Ⅰ)>35.30%_(Ⅶ)>28.30%_(Ⅲ).Photosynthetic pigment content,average value of diurnal net photosynthetic rate and leaf mass per area grew under light qualityⅣandⅤwere significantly higher than those under other light quality conditions(P<0.05).Leaves grew under every light quality condition,there were significant negative correlation between net photosynthetic rate and ambient temperature(P<0.05),significant positive correlation between transpiration rate and ambient temperature(P<0.05),and significant negative correlation between net photosynthetic rate and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(P<0.01).Activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase of leaves grew under light qualityⅣwere the highest in all light quality conditions.Activities of peroxidase of leaves under light quality Ⅳ were higher than other light quality conditions.Content of malondialdehyde of leaves under light qualityⅥwas the highest among all light quality conditions in July.Under each light quality condition,catalase activity decreased gradually,while superoxide dismutase activity and malondial

关 键 词：北细辛 叶绿素 比叶重 光合日变化 酶活力 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]