钧窑考古与研究述论(上)  

On the Archaeology and Research of Jun Kiln (Part Ⅰ)

作　　者：徐华烽[1] 秦大树[2] XU Hua-feng;QIN Da-shu(The Palace Museum,Beijing 100009;China Archaeological Research Center,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院,北京100009 [2]北京大学中国考古学研究中心,北京100871

出　　处：《许昌学院学报》2022年第1期15-21,共7页Journal of Xuchang University

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“北京故宫慈宁宫遗址考古资料的整理与研究”(20BKG014);故宫博物院科研课题“陈万里陶瓷考古理论与实践研究”(KT2017-12)。

摘　　要：古代文献记载的缺失与混乱,造成对钧窑认知的一些误区,特别是有些不合实际的年代认定,成为20世纪以来人们对钧窑概念、性质、年代多有异见的重要原因。近百年来钧窑的考古与研究工作可分为两个阶段:20世纪前半叶以对钧窑瓷器的鉴定鉴赏为主,兼有一些初步的研究;20世纪后半叶以来,开展钧窑考古调查和发掘,依据考古资料进行了一些较为深入的讨论,但其缺陷也比较明显,从收藏角度出发的明清时期文献记载仍主导着人们对钧窑的认识,同时考古发掘的不规范也误导了学界的判断。进入21世纪,开展了更多更规范的考古发掘,在钧窑的产地、分期方面取得了重要进展,对于钧窑的争议仍集中于钧瓷花器,即"官钧"瓷器的年代问题,学界试图通过各种途径进行探讨,钧窑的分期和年代研究日渐达成共识。现存的分歧主要是一些陈旧观念和非理性的情感所致。The lack and confusion of ancient literature records have caused some misunderstandings in the cognition of Jun kiln, and some unrealistic dating has become an important reason for people’s dissent on the concept, nature and age of Jun kiln since the 20 th century.The archaeological and research work of Jun kilns in the past 100 years can be divided into two stages: the appraisal and appreciation of Jun kiln porcelain in the first half of the 20 th century, as well as some preliminary studies;the second half of the 20 th century saw the archaeological investigation and excavation of Jun kiln and some more in-depth discussions have been carried out according to the archaeological materials, but its defects are also obvious.The literature records of the Ming and Qing dynasties for collection still dominate people’s understanding of Jun kiln, at the same time, the non-standard archaeological excavations also mislead the judgment of the academic circles.In the 21 st century, more and more standardized archaeological excavations have been carried out, and the academic circles have gradually reached a consensus about the staging and chronology of Jun kilns.The existing differences are mainly due to some stereotypes and irrational emotions.

关 键 词：钧窑 文献学 考古学 学术史 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]